On 29 December, 1530 Mughal Crown Price Nasīr-ad-Dīn Muhammad ascended the Mughal throne by his regnal name Humāyūn after three days of Emperor Babur's death. Humayun lost the Hindustan at hands of Sher Shah Suri after ruling Mughal Empire 9.5 years.
Second time he succeeded to conquer Hindustan after 15 years of his exile to Persia, the Safavid Empire. There is also a famous story associated with Babur's death and Humayun's life.
(Humayun's exile in Persia)
It is stated that at a six month stay at Sambhal in 1530, Humayun fell gravely ill. When he became critical he was brought to Agra where all the physicians of the city could not help him improve. It was suggested that a great charity should be made so that Humayun may get better.
It was decided to give away the Kohinoor. But Babur objected to this by saying that the Kohinoor belonged to his son and was thus not a sacrifice.
He said that his life was alone the most precious thing that he could give away and thus prayed to take his life instead of his son.
Miraculously, with the passage of time, his son’s health started improving while his own health started deteriorating; finally resulting in death.
It appears from the account of Gulbadan that Babur fell ill that very day and died soon after.
(Babur in illness)
But according to some historians, Babur was sickly for two or three months after the recovery of Humayun and some even claims that, the death of Babur was due to poison given to him by the mother of Ibrahim Lodhi, the last of the Delhi Sultanate.
(Babur's death)
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In 1615, historian Richard M. Eaton quoted, "one observer estimated the Mughal's annual revenue at 120 million silver coins, compared to 45 million for the Ottoman Empire and just 15 million for the neighbouring Iran (Safavid)."
- India in the Persianate Age: 1000-1765, p. 371
Remember here the historian is talking about year of 1615 but by the year of 1700 the Mughal wealth had been increased even more.
In year of 1700 during the era of Aurangzeb, Mughal economy was more than to the combined wealth of Western Asia, Central Asia, North Asia, Southeast Europe, Western Europe and North Africa.