We hear a lot about Facebook as a platform for manipulation - using machine learning to bypass our critical faculties and trick us into believing things that are bad for us - but the real show is in Facebook's ability to target, not manipulate.
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People who hold disfavored views struggle to find one another and mobilize. To find other people that feel the same way as you and make common cause with them to effect political change, you have to reveal your views and suffer social sanction.
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Search allows people who hold these views to find one another. If you have a deep feeling about your gender being nonbinary but don't know the words for it, you can search for communities of people who have those words, join them, and discover who you've been all along.
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This is why, in this moment, so many ideas are migrating from the fringe to the center: ideas about racial justice, gender identity, alternatives to market systems, etc. People have harbored these views all along, but have held back on expressing them.
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Being able to express yourself in private, among people who share your views, is a prelude to going public and putting your case to the wider world in hopes of effecting change.
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This goes for ALL disfavored views: not just ones we laud, but also the ones we deplore. Many Americans have nursed secret white supremacism but only whispered about it, because saying it aloud would attract social sanction, with real consequences.
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Search let these people find each other. Having formed groups, they were able to brave social consequences and begin to shout about it. When they did, they converted people who were sort-of racist all along to their cause. "Radicalization" is closely related to "convincing."
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But search isn't the only way that groups with hard-to-find traits can be discovered: there's also targeting. Ad-tech companies spy on us, ascribe traits to us, then sell the right to target those traits to advertisers.
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"Show my ad to midwestern high school cheerleaders"
To be fair, the Facebook ads "for body armor, gun holsters, and other military equipment next to content promoting election misinformation and news about the attempted coup at the US Capitol" were probably not necessarily targeted at "coup plotting" per se.
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Rather, they were probably targeting the correlates of "coup plotting" - Maga and Qanon affinities, 2A mania, support for the likes of Steve King or Ted Cruz.
No service operating a FB's scale could predict all of these correlates...
But.
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Facebook actually knows about this one. It's one of the minority of these dangerous targeting-pairings that its own internal teams discovered and warned management about, only to met with yawning indifference.
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And moreover, no one put a gun to FB's head and ordered to it to acquire, sue, copy, or otherwise predate upon all of its competitors until it was so large it could no longer police its own ads.
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Nor was FB forced to spend vast fortunes lobbying against privacy rules that would limit its targeting ability.
People who want to kill CDA230, take note. Facebook agrees with you: they want a rule that forces its rivals to spend money they don't have on moderation.
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If you want to hurt FB, look for the things that it lobbies AGAINST: privacy regulations and antitrust enforcement.
Targeting is different from search. The ability to target people who'll buy scammy, expensive products produces profits for the companies who sell them.
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Those companies then mobilize those profits, investing them in convincing more people to hold beliefs that earn them money (think of Amazon starting a be-very-afraid crime news service as part of the marketing for its Ring surveillance doorbells).
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There's a difference between "being convinced by someone else's odious, sincere beliefs" and "being convinced by someone's cynical, profitable promotion of ideas that they don't believe themselves."
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The Macedonian teens who promoted fraudulent "news-stories" during the Trump election didn't care if Trump won or lost - they were just chasing a buck. And messed-up, scared people part with money more readily than stable, calm people.
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Targeting creates a business-model: defrauding frightened, traumatized people by scaring them more. It's not an automated process of digital manipulation: it's the result of human beings thinking of lies that they think will make them rich.
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ETA: If you'd like to read this as a surveillance-free, ad-free blog post, here's a permalink: pluralistic.net/2021/01/14/10-…
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1949 - Paul Robeson was scheduled to sing in Peekskill, New York when a riot was staged by hundreds of members of the Ku Klux Klan, American Legion, and New York State Troopers.
It was later revealed that the local police helped coordinate the mass assault on African-American attendees. The violence, it was said, was “tolerated – if not organized – by local police and FBI.”
Some of the white mob chanted, “We’re Hitler’s boys. We’re going to get Robeson. Lynch Robeson!” Among them was the police chief’s son.
Note to galaxy brains: if you think that the right response to being shaken down by the FBI at the behest of an internet troll is to keep silent lest you "give trolls ideas," then you are not being very thoughtful about this.
I'm an immigrant whose citizenship application and residency are at stake. I came forward about my experience despite that because people deserve to know that this is happening and that federal law enforcement is enabling it.
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The idea that the troll who sicced the FBI on me was some kind of Louis Pasteur of Internet Hate whose unique insight led them to invent this incredibly creative tactic is...foolish. Making false reports to cops to shut up your opponents is as old as Plato. At least.
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Inside: Laura Poitras fired from First Look; Kickstarting a pad of "Tiny Paper Dungeons"; Facebook says it's the best henhouse fox; I was investigated by the FBI and more!
We are living in an age in which value and profit are utterly untethered - the "financialized" age where making good things that people need and making a lot of money are not necessarily related to one another. It's Wall Street vs Main Street.
The early Disney company had several near-death experiences, some due to exogenous shocks and some self-inflicted (bad labor practices, weird technology choices), and all through it, a power struggle between "Roy people" (finance) and "Walt people" (tech/art).
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After WWII, the company was transformed, with Roy ascendant and financial discipline the order of the day. Walt - who struggled with depression - sought desperately for an escape from the company.
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He came up with plans to outfit a train with traveling exhibits that he would drive around the country, putting thousands of miles between him and his brother.
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