CO2 carbon dioxide in some homes over 3 times recommended level, meaning poor ventilation
“If anyone in building is infected, risk of cross-infection may be significant even if PPE protocols followed & surfaces cleaned” 6/ theconversation.com/poor-ventilati…
“virus can be exceptionally contagious in crowded offices.. despite considerable interaction between workers in the building #COVID19 spread limited almost exclusively to 11th floor” 9/ wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26…
🇰🇷 South Korea, coffee shop
27-person cluster linked to ceiling mounted air-conditioning in coffee outlet
“4 mask-wearing employees escaped infection... masks may not provide 100% protection, but there’s nothing out there that’s as effective” 10/ fortune.com/2020/08/25/cov…
“Proximity & contagion make for dangerous shipmates. We have already seen how deadly virus can be in close confines of cruise ships” 11/ bbc.com/news/world-eur…
“poor ventilation & double-bunking helped spread Covid... with poor ventilation in corridors, factors all added up to being conducive to inhalation of #Covid19 aerosols” /12 stuff.co.nz/national/healt…
“4 of flight cases were not seated next to any other positive case, had no contact in the transit lounge, wore face masks in-flight & were not ‘close contacts’ under ECDC definition” 13/ eurosurveillance.org/content/10.280…
“ #superspread is hallmark of coronavirus. When infected person shows up —inside, with poor ventilation & close contact— virus can infect a lot of people in very little time” /15 nytimes.com/2020/08/26/hea…
1 person infected 23 (of 67) passengers on 100 minute round trip
“prevention & control must consider airborne spread of #COVID19 which is a highly transmissible pathogen in closed environments with air recirculation” 19/ jamanetwork.com/journals/jamai…
“Unless there is good air circulation & a lot of space between people, indoor spaces tend to be 20 times more dangerous for virus transmission than outdoor ones” /20 bostonglobe.com/2021/01/02/met…
619 cases (301 symptomatic) some infected during quarantine in cabins
“airborne transmission of #COVID19 through the ship’s ventilation system could explain how the virus spread into cabins” 21/ sfgate.com/science/articl…
“poor ventilation, not security breaches, at quarantine hotel.. CCTV review showed a guard outside room of infected traveller. At no time did guard go in & or any of the guests come out” /22 abc.net.au/news/2020-12-1…
“investigation found no other possible contact between the cases than airborne infection through a single air duct in bathroom” 23/ ijidonline.com/article/S1201-…
“safety measures incl temperature testing, hand washing & social-distancing... but windows closed to shut out the heat & on air-conditioning switched on” 24/ classicfm.com/music-news/cor…
“heavy breathing during intense exercise is known to increase production of airborne particles, especially if unmasked... airborne transmission would seem likely to be a large factor” /25 forbes.com/sites/victoria…
“no way to infect 43 people when you’re wearing a costume other than airborne transmission because you’re inside a costume & cannot touch objects or infect through surfaces” /26 nytimes.com/2021/01/03/us/…
“Airflow & seating likely factors in cluster.. virus spread via aerosols.. distancing might not be adequate protection in poorly ventilated rooms where people were speaking loudly” 27/ theage.com.au/national/victo…
“as winter sets in, more people stay indoors, raising airborne risks.. airborne transmission of the virus increases when people spend more time in closed-up rooms breathing dry air”
/28 reuters.com/article/us-hea…
🇨🇦 Canada, care home
80 cases, 3 deaths
“review the ventilation system recommended: increase air flow, improve mechanical ventilation, half open windows, run bathroom fans, add portable filters” 29/beta.ctvnews.ca/local/montreal…
“Because migrant workers live in crowded spaces, if one of them catches the virus, the disease will spread really fast” /38 thaipbsworld.com/little-myanmar…
“virus’ spread through 5 wards, to nursing home & dialysis center.. yet no staff infections seem to have taken place in #COVID19 ICU, arguably riskiest area of hospital” /39 sciencemag.org/news/2020/05/s…
“1,700 in-person school days lost as a consequence of isolation & quarantine of patients & contacts during this #COVID19 outbreak” /43 cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/7…
🇧🇪 Belgium, care home
75 cases, including 14 staff
“Santa was not feeling unwell before the visit & did not show any symptoms of virus... he kept his distance from residents & wore a face covering” /44 wionews.com/world/superspr…
🇮🇪 Ireland, meat factories
1,500 cases* linked to 28 factories
“restrictions imposed due to large-scale outbreaks in meat factories are example of what can happen to a town or region due to clusters in high-risk sectors”
“Almost all passengers infected during 7 days together. Contact tracing resulting in around 100 cases”
“similar mutation in Australia, UK & other European countries” /46 fhi.no/en/news/2020/n…
🇳🇿New Zealand, hotel
3 cases, 212 staff, 192 current & 353 former guests tested
“quick wins by limiting recirculation, increasing air flows & filters.. increasing air dilutes risk of airborne infectious diseases being carried from room to room” 47/ stuff.co.nz/business/12407…
🇨🇳 China, event
102 cases
‘30 to 40 people attended, few wearing masks... infected people were gathered in an enclosed space for a long time’ 48/ cnn.com/2021/01/18/asi…
“6 foot rule is useful, but it’s possible to be infected at greater distances in static, indoor air or through air-conditioning system that doesn’t have high-grade filters” /50 elemental.medium.com/the-science-of…
🇮🇪 Covid Inquiry- my comments didn’t all make it into @Independent_ie today 🧵 1/
“Over 9,600 people have died from Covid-19 in Ireland, including one hundred & forty one in the weeks since Christmas… independent.ie/irish-news/pub…
..involving 31 residents. The pandemic is not over. An estimated 10% of those infected suffer long-term effects, & this burden of illness continues to grow.
Therefore, it is likely too soon to evaluate much of Ireland’s response. Decision-making is in the same hands… 2/
However there are meaningful questions that can be asked to improve current response & future-proof Ireland against repeat of this crisis.
Firstly the scientific failure –then & now– to acknowledge how the disease spreads.
Covid-19 is airborne & no amount of hand-washing.. 3/
(from 2021): “growing body of research on COVID-19 provides abundant evidence for the predominance of airborne transmission. This route dominates under certain environmental conditions, particularly indoor environments that are poorly ventilated” 2/ ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
“These viruses can be spread by an infected person simply by breathing. And like cigarette smoke, these viruses can linger in the air for hours in poorly ventilated spaces”
[Thread] a short story about pandemic misinformation & biased reporting
On 1 April 2021 I was contacted by a newspaper journalist.. 1/
..the journalist attached the reply received from HSPC (who collect Covid data)
It DID NOT say 1 in 1,000 cases
It gave very limited data about *42 outbreaks* investigated by HSE
It reads as someone being helpful guessing at what might be outdoors (construction, sport etc) 2/
..vast majority of Covid cases are not connected to outbreaks..& capacity to investigate outbreaks is also very limited
The journalist took a guess at *42 outbreaks* (262 cases) ..& erroneously related it to total number of cases at that time (236,600 cases, 1 April 2021) 3/
No two schools are same & conditions vary from room to room & from hour time hour
Statistically there’s an infectious child in EVERY class now, so a classroom has same risk as an isolation ward in a hospital. This is a very high risk to manage 1/
🚦 CO2 (carbon dioxide) monitors are in schools to measure exhaled air. (They don’t measure virus)
..the more people breathing, the more CO2 build up
.. the more exhaled air, the more chance of inhaling virus particles
So more clean air & fewer people reduces the risks 2/
🚦@Education_Ire guidance suggests >1500ppm is ‘poor ventilation’ but in a pandemic this is too high (3% of every breath is not clean air)
Recommended is <800ppm (<1% of every breath is not clean air)