From 1000 to 1450 the Atacama people raised rich and varied crops by harvesting guano in sealskin pontoon boats and transporting it to their walled and fortified desert towns by llama caravans allowing for a rich diet, rich culture. Then came the Inca. smithsonianmag.com/science-nature…
The Inca empire limits ended up being defined by the ranges of three seabirds (Cormorant, Pelican, Booby): "If one mapped the distribution of the Guanay cormorant, Peruvian pelican and Peruvian booby, their ranges nearly matched the boundaries of the 15th century Inca empire."
"Se fueron a poblarse en altos y cerros y peñas y por defenderse y comenzaron a hacer fortalezas que ellos llaman pucara, edificaron las paredes y cerco y dentro de ellas casas y fortalezas y escondrijos y pozos para sacar agua de donde bebían; y comenzaron a reñir y batallar..."
A pukara, fortified town of the high desert. You have to imagine it filled with people, green gardens and trees, llama caravans filing through the guarded gates.
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Story time: A friend of mine (retired) runs a little restaurant in the deep western part of Tokyo. It was barely making it before the virus but business dried up so bad he started selling take away lunch boxes. Still, few customers. One day a middle aged man on a bike stops...
...to buy a lunch. My friend used to ride a bike so they start talking shop. Hours pass. The guy says he'll be back. He mentions the place on online Tokyo bike forums. The same week, bike guys from all over Tokyo starts showing up at the restaurant to talk shop and eat (outside).
My friend says he there's usually half a dozen of them at any time during the day. It turns out that there was a large "homeless" lose community of middle aged men who had nowhere to gather nor any friends to share their interests with nor anywhere in particular they needed to...
The famous 519 East 11th Street, N.Y., is looking pretty excellent these days. In 1973 the building was abandoned, after being gutted by fires lit by its slum-landlord. In 1974 its 18 units were sold to a group of tenants who convinced the city they could renovate it themselves!
The group took out a loan of $220,000 from the City and paid themselves $3 and hour for a 32 work week to completely rebuild the interiors. All overtime became "sweat equity" (there was lots of it...). It took them 18 months but they did everything even plumbing and electrics.
Although they bought the shell of the building for $1800, they sold each unit for $500 and started moving in 1975/76. This being the oil shock years, they even experimented with solar heating to cut utility costs (which ultimately only ended up working a few years but still).
The only time I ever see police (except for officers on patrol) is when they deal with traffic incidents. Apart from the human misery, cost to environment, etc., how much police resources could be saved if we started focusing on returning to building human scaled walkable cities?
Are foot patrols better? “We discovered that 3% of the addresses had over half of all the crime, this concentration created an opportunity to use increases in the proportion of time police spent in high-crime locations to see if that would reduce crime.” whyy.org/segments/the-p…
In Rotterdam a project to get police on foot and the streets better for pedestrians had great results: "More walkable streets = less serious crime: Drug crime -30%; Burglary -22%; Vandalism -31%, Traffic offences -19%, Theft -11%; Violence -8%." smartcitiesdive.com/ex/sustainable…
The City of San Cristóbal de la Habana, or Havana, as it looked ca. 1850. At the time the most heavily fortified city in the Americas. About 100,000 souls lived within its walls, and fairly uniquely, that is roughly the same number of people who live there today, in Old Havana.
Up until maybe 1800, the walls and the need for defenses kept the city from sprawling, but already by 1850 there are plans forming to build a city ten times its size. Then as now, the sprawl is less thought out: there are no real centers, no squares, few churches, monuments, etc.
The buildings are very well designed for its climate: tall ceilings, tall windows, to make the hot and humid summers tolerable. And look at the streets, the awnings that hang from buildings on both side, creating shaded covered streets for the foot traffic that dominates it.
Back in the old days all rice grew with enough straw to make its own containers for storage and shipping. When you finished one of these you could simply feed it to your livestock, use it to make New Year's, rope, winter gear, compost or fuel. Plastic just becomes toxic garbage.
The standard weight of these "tawara" was 60kg, set so that anyone young, old, male or female ought to be able to lift and shoulder one. I doubt many moderns can do it. Farmers were supposed to be able to lift two at a time or climb ladders with one. Hundreds of times a day.
Making one (even small ones) takes an amateur about three hours. An experienced farmer could make three or four in that time. A lot of work but it must have been satisfying after all the labor growing the rice in the first place. All the materials came from the same rice paddy.
The most trad fruit tree of them all: the quince. Here's a gathering of Chinese quinces (Pseudocydonia sinensis). Quinces are inedible raw, only useful cooked. In the early days of the American colonies every garden had a quince: you couldn't have a kitchen orchard without one.
Quince fruit is naturally very rich in pectins, which is a must if you want to make long lasting marmalades, jams, preserves, jellies, etc. Growing lots of fruits without being able to preserve them wasn't optimal, so every kitchen garden had a quince until lemons became common.
It also helps that the quince is a remarkably durable, interesting, fragrant tree with wonderful flowers. In my opinion the Chinese quince (a close relative of the European quince) is even wilder looking and it takes up so little space in a garden that planting one is no-brainer.