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Feb 22, 2021 9 tweets 2 min read Read on X
With news of Dr. Reddy's applying for accelerated approval of 'Sputnik V' vaccine, here is a quick summary of the potential candidate:

✅ Vaccine platform: Viral vector technology using Adenovirus as the vector. Covishield uses the same platform, but there is a difference.

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✅ Sputnik V uses 2 different variants of the human adenovirus for the 1st and 2nd dose, unlike Covishield where both doses use the same variant of a chimpanzee adenovirus.

✅ Who is developing this vaccine? Gamaleya Research Institute, Russia.

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✅ Has the vaccine got approval in other countries? Russia stirred critical discussions when use of Sputnik V was authorized in Russia before completion of trials. Subsequently Phase 3 interim results have been published.
20+ countries have given emergency approval.

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✅ What is the efficacy of the vaccine? Interim results of Phase 3 trials published in The Lancet, puts the efficacy at 91.6%.
More importantly, 100% efficacy noted for severe cases.

Important fineprint regarding the efficacy data:
➡️ Asymptomatic cases not considered.

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➡️ Efficacy analysis done 21 days after 1st dose. In effect, the 91.6% efficacy is for a single dose and 21 days after the 1st dose.
➡️ High efficacy of 91.8% noted in those above 60.
➡️ Efficacy of 73% noted for cases reported ANY TIME after 1st dose.

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➡️ The graph compares reported cases across vaccine and placebo groups over time. Cases were similar between the 2 groups till about 16 days from 1st dose. But post that, cases drastically dropped in the vaccine arm group. Pointing to an effective response under 20 days.

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✅ Other properties: Stored between 2 to 8C.
Administration route: Intramuscular.
Number of doses: 2 doses administered 21 days apart.
✅ Is any trial conducted in India? Bridging trial with 1500 participants is in advanced stage in India. Overseen by Dr. Reddy's in India.

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✅ Will the vaccine be manufactured in India?
Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF) talked about deals with 3 to 4 Indian players for manufacturing Sputnik V. Names floated include Hetero Biopharma and Virchow Biotech.

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✅ Interesting tidbit: AstraZeneca did announce trials to combine Oxford vaccine and Sputnik V, with the aim to boost the efficacy of the Oxford vaccine. Trial started in Azerbaijan.

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More from @covid19indiaorg

Oct 30, 2021
What will happen to covid19india.org after October 31st? Some pointers:

* There will be no data updates from 1st Nov, 2021 (sigh!).

* The website will be up and available for referencing past data.

* The website/operations are not being handed over to any group.

1/4
* Our team will wind down and we will be limiting our interactions on email and twitter. We will monitor communications occassionally and will try to respond to critical messages.

* With minimal involvement, we are constrained to respond to requests for interviews/talks.

2/4
* Why don't you convert the website to track broader health data?

This is an audacious goal, but our team is not invested into public health. Our work is open sourced. Groups with interest in public health can utilise our code to build broader public health data platforms.

3/4
Read 4 tweets
Jun 15, 2021
Vaccines protect.

Latest data from @PHE_uk on vaccine efficacy (VE) against HOSPITALISATION for the Delta variant.

VE for Covishield against hospitalisation:

✅ After 1 dose: 71%
✅ After 2 doses: 92%

❓Wasn't the reported efficacy lower against Delta? What has changed?

1/4
Vaccine efficacy can be measured against different endpoints. There can be efficacy against hospitalisation, against death, against symptomatic infection etc.

Earlier studies from the UK, had reported VE against SYMPTOMATIC INFECTION.

This is VE against hospitalisation.

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Putting both these studies together:

VE for Covishield towards Delta variant:

✅ After 1 dose:
📌 Against symptomatic infection: 33%
📌 Against hospitalisation: 71%

✅ After 2 doses:
📌Against symptomatic infection: 60%
📌 Against hospitalisation: 92%

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Read 6 tweets
Jun 10, 2021
9th June - A day marked by major reconciliation of deceased cases by a large state.

➡️ Delayed data is better than no data. Reconciliations should be encouraged, not shunned.

➡️ A reminder that the actual cases are very different from what is reported.

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➡️ Our Covid19 data reporting is not standardized across states.

Few states provide details of individual deaths while most states report just cumulative figures. Why this difference?

How long till we have a detailed and common reporting format adopted across states?

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➡️ Given the nature of our 2nd wave, it is expected that reporting of cases, especially deaths would have been missed out.

Few states that publish details of deaths have been reporting backdated data for many weeks and this is expected.

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Read 4 tweets
Jun 4, 2021
On breakthrough infections, vaccines and gap between doses:

A correspondence published in NEJM on 2nd June, details a study on breakthrough infections with a large cohort of 7000+ healthcare workers in a tertiary hospital in India.

nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…

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7000+ received the first dose and 3600+ of them subsequently got the 2nd dose.
Vaccine administered was Covishield.
An additional 5000+ were not vaccinated.

Study period: Jan-Apr 2021.

📌 506 HCWs tested +ve during the study, of which 64% were unvaccinated.

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📌 Of the 7000+ HCWs that got the 1st dose, only 2.6% of them tested positive.
📌 3600+ HCWs got both doses and 2% of them tested positive.
📌 Breakthrough infection, measured as those testing positive 14 days after both doses stood at 1.6%.

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Read 13 tweets
Jun 4, 2021
Have questions on Covid19 recovery?
We answer the most important ones in this master thread. #stayaware

❓Is a #Covid test required to confirm recovery?

If you do not have any symptoms 14 days after confirmation of Covid, a repeat test IS NOT required.

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❓When can I consider myself recovered from Covid?

➡️ 14 days after date of test.
➡️ 3 consecutive days of no symptoms.
➡️ If you had severe symptoms, consult your doctor for discharge criteria.
➡️ No need for a repeat RTPCR test.

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❓Do I need to continue wearing masks inside my home after recovery?

No. One does not generally transmit the virus after Day 10 of infection. After 14 days of room quarantine, there is no need to wear a #mask inside the house.

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Read 15 tweets
Jun 3, 2021
A quick overview of Biological E.'s Covid vaccine:

✅ Vaccine platform: Protein Subunit.
✅ Number of doses: 2 doses
✅ Gap between doses: 28 days*
✅ Current status: Completed Phase 1 and 2 trials. Got approval for Phase 3 trials in April 2021.

*As per clinical trials.

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✅ Partnership: Antigen developed by Texas Children's Hospital for Vaccine Development and Baylor College of Medicine. Adjuvant supplied by Dynavax Technologies (US).

✅ Proven platform used for Hepatitis B vaccine. Novavax vaccine also uses subunit technology.

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✅ What is a protein subunit vaccine?
It consists of specific parts of the SARS-Cov-2 antigen that are synthesized and harvested in a medium like yeast. The proteins themselves elicit weak immune response and they need an adjuvant added to augment the immune response.

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Read 6 tweets

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