Florence Nightingale was the original ventilation influencer. As a nurse in the Crimean War, she saw 10x soldiers die of disease than wounds.
She was also a pioneering statistician. This is her famous infographic illustrating deaths during the war
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Nightingale popularizing pavilion-plan hospitals, which had big windows that created cross breezes between the beds. She even calculated how many cubic feet of air each patient needed.
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📷: Getty
By the way, the windows stayed open even in the dead of winter because air!
One historian told me stories of patients closing windows, nursing opening them, and then finally doctors knocking the glass out so the windows stayed open. 4/
Ventilation changed the very architecture of 19th century buildings.
In the Palace of Westminster, the Victoria Tower and Big Ben were actually ventilation towers too. A quarter of the building's physical space is its old ventilation system, now sitting unused. 5/
Lastly, this essay was a little paean to my apartment because I am moving this week. (😬) Don't worry, the new apartment is also old and it will also have radiators—and more importantly, windows that open!
(Why do new apartment buildings all have windows that barely open?)
For herd immunity, we need vaccines to prevent transmission. They probably will to some extent but we should expect that protection to
- be weaker than protection against symptomatic infection
- wane over time
- be eroded first by new variants
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The herd immunity threshold was always going to be a challenge & variants make it even harder.
That means COVID-19 will probably keep circulating but the good news! Vaccines can still prevent people from getting seriously sick & dying. Life is normal again. Pandemic ends. 3/
1/ Hello, I have a story I've been working on for a long time—long before there was a pandemic, if you can believe it. It’s about the past and future of our children’s DNA.
2/ I went to Denmark, where prenatal screening for Down syndrome is near universal and only 18 children with Down syndrome were born in the entire country last year.
But, this isn’t only about Denmark or only about Down syndrome...
3/ This is a story about how genetics limits—but can also expand—what we consider “normal.”
Ever since the pandemic began, I've been haunted by stories of coronavirus patients dying alone.
I spoke to a palliative care team caring for these patients in a Boston ICU. They were often the last ones—the only ones—in the room when a patient died.
This small detail about the iPads for families to say goodbye to dying patients gutted me.
It's so hard to hold the plastic-wrapped iPad so that everything is in the camera frame. An intimate and sacred moment, made almost absurd by tech difficulties.
In 2016, I was writing about the return of flesh-eating screwworms in Florida, when I learned about a U.S. government program that sounded totally bonkers
Every week, planes drop millions of sterilized screwworms over the border of Panama and Colombia, creating a transcontinental "barrier" to the pests far, far away from the U.S.
Here's one of the planes getting loaded with chilled boxes of adult screwworms: