1,213 human monoclonal antibodies (!), showing substantial affinity maturation of the B cells over time.
A substantial fraction of the Spike-specific response is to RBD. Consistent with other work.
In their hands, virtually all of the potent neutralizing antibodies target RBD.
While common cold coronavirus crossreactive memory B cells participated in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, none of them were neutralizing.
That is consistent with excellent work in this complimentary paper, which saw a bimodal distribution in early SHM in non-RBD Spike-specific B cells but not RBD-specific, indicative of memory B cells to previous betacoronavirus infections.
(iv) Durability of immunological protection against COVID-19 is still unknown for each of these vaccines.
(v) The J&J 1-dose does quite well against the SA variant. That's a big deal! In contrast, the AstraZeneca vaccine appears to have almost no efficacy against that variant (~10% efficacy in confirmed cases).
(vi) Lastly, the J&J vaccine had substantial increases in neutralizing antibodies after two doses (T cells were not reported post-boost). nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…
The J&J COVID-19 1-dose vaccine data have been filed with the FDA and are under review there (probably final decision tomorrow).
Here are my thoughts on the J&J 1-dose COVID-19 vaccine, now that the data are public.🧵
(Janssen=J&J = Johnson & Johnson) Vaccine name: Ad26.COV2.S
Executive summary:
🔵 1-dose. Very convenient! And easy to store.
🔵 Essentially 100% protective against death or hospitalization. Very good!
🔵 69% protection against symptomatic COVID-19. Just ok.
🔵 Similar protection against the South Africa variant (72%-->64%). Very good!
The FDA EUA package data are consistent with the statements in the J&J vaccine press release several weeks ago.
Obviously I can only speculate for now. Actually, let's be really clear:
SPECULATION
IF there is an effect of COVID vaccines on long COVID (I don't want anyone to have unrealistic hopes without there being data from a well-designed clinical study!), the simplest options are:
1. The strength of the vaccine immunization serves to reset a homeostatic baseline to the immune system.
Not only was a positive signal seen in 97% of vaccinated people, the signal was fantastically strong!
As noted by Bill Schief in his talk, this is probably the first vaccine trial to succeed in confirming its intended mechanistic hypothesis. A big moment for germline targeting vaccine design strategies!
In a new pre-print by the excellent @McGuire_Lab , they report a big jump in neutralizing antibodies after a single COVID RNA vaccine immunization (Pfizer or Moderna).
Penny Moore and Alex Sigal and colleagues now report on antibodies from AZ ChAdOx vaccinated people, and there was a dramatic loss of function against the B1351 variant. It appears to be more than a 20x reduction. A complete loss of neutralization in most individuals (~80%).
First, what to think of the antibody neutralization loss?
It is much steeper than reported by multiple groups elsewhere for COVID19 cases or other COVID vaccines. Multiple labs reported ~2x drop in neutralization of B1351 or related virus, with antibodies from vaccinated people