I think everyone is familiar with the psychological symptoms of dehydration, but few are aware of the symptoms of water intoxication, which although unhealthy and difficult to achieve, are reported to resemble a drunken state, and in extreme cases cause confusion and seizures
Oddly I can find no concrete mechanism to explain the mental states associated with water intoxication
My personal theory is that this works either through dilution of ions used in neuron signaling like Na+, or through downregulation of aquaporin water channels used in neurons
An interesting case report noting the psychoactive effects of water overdose, which the subject compares to drinking beer pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2590788/
This is a nice overview on physiological changes that maintain water balance at different water intake levels ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Lastly, this is one of many studies detailing the cognitive benefits of proper hydration as opposed to dehydration pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29933347/
After going down this rabbit hole I definitely agree with the sentiment of "drink when you're thirsty"
Tracking water intake can provide some interesting insight, but it's not necessary to compulsively overshoot hydration, and you may need different amounts each day
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Ecdysteroids are an interesting class of compounds I've been experimenting with recently, they're steroid compounds that function as androgens in insects, but are also produced by a few different plant species
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Interestingly, they seem to provide some anabolic effects in mammals as well, but are not androgenic, and don't increase testosterone
Interestingly, this effect is thought to work primarily through the binding of the ecdysteroids to the estrogen receptor beta subset, which is implicated more in bone/muscle growth, with lower activation at the alpha-ER which is more "feminizing"
The melatonin produced in your pineal gland is actually on a minor factor compared to the melatonin synthesized in your cells and mitochondria
Melatonin regulates numerous aspects of cell function, regulating gene expression and acting as an antioxidant in cells
Intracellular melatonin is stable throughout the day, it doesn't follow the same circadian curve we see with blood melatonin levels, though these also impact cells
The interplay between these two sources of melatonin helps link circadian function between the body and the brain
Melatonin synthesis in cells is directly stimulated by infrared light, mostly from environmental light like sunlight or firelight, but potentially from infrared light put off energy production as well, this is a fantastic article on this connection:
Melatonin increase is directly correlated with higher testosterone because melatonin boosts luteinizing hormone
Luteinizing hormone upregulates testosterone synthesis by binding to LH receptors in Leydig cells
This is why testosterone is highest in the night/early morning
Vitamin D also upregulates steroid synthesis in Leydig cells, I'd go so far as to argue that sunlight exposure is the single biggest regulator of testosterone synthesis
This makes sense as an adaptation to seasonal food availability throughout human history
UV light: stimulates synthesis of vitamin D and its numerous analogs, and cholesterol sulfation
Red/infrared light: stimulates melatonin synthesis throughout the body, with highest melatonin release in low/no light environments
I'm moving most of my writing/research over to Patreon, with the goal of creating a smaller more personal community of people that want to expand their health knowledge
This will give me a chance to answer questions more directly, without being overloaded by messages
I also plan to shift more towards long-form writing, revamping my existing writing to include everything I've learned more recently
For less than the price of a Netflix subscription, you get access to a constantly expanding library of health knowledge which will include articles, audio, and videos
You'll also get to participate in a monthly live Q&A with other members, and message with me directly all month