Thread by @TheReadingApe

Now there's a good question! There is no source because there is no recognised model for effective reading instruction in the UK which as @EdinspireGeoff states has 4 separate national bodies.

https://twitter.com/Smithre5/status/1366582728817188866

The only universal expectation is phonics teaching in Reception and Year 1 and once the phonics screening check threshold has been crossed this may stop - despite comprehensive code knowledge not yet having been achieved.

Beyond this pretty much any approach goes from whole language to reading dogs. Guided reading still maintains traction along with numerous schemes that mainly focus on comprehension 'skills'. These include the 'power of reading' which includes precious little reading...

'Success For All' that teaches specific comprehension 'skills' and is vertically streamed so takes no account of cognitive maturation and also places great emphasis on collaborative learning. The phonics is not comprehensive. There's also plenty of Balanced Literacy about.

Because the statutory tests are comprehension tests, teaching often focuses on comprehension very early leaving orthographic development to chance - not using leveraging techniques and decodable texts and promoting fluency at the expense of automaticity.

Then accuracy, rate and prosodic reading is ignored in favour of comprehension. Part of the problem is that teacher training does not teach teachers how to teach reading and there is little understanding of the alphabetic code for word attack amongst teacher in upper year groups.

Another issue is that OFSTED inspectors have little understanding of what reading instruction beyond phonics should look like - although this is improving, but until they question some of the ubiquitous reading schemes and name and shame them these will cling on.

There does seem to be a desire from @NickGibbUK in government to address this with a new reading framework. This could be a game changer but only for England. Scotland and Wales have decided to head off to hell in a handcart.

So you pays your money and you takes your choice. And maybe that's why a quarter of English eleven-year-olds don't reach the expected standard in reading.