I've been in science for a while now and as far as I can tell, there are two types of people in this line of work. Those that think we should give everything to science and those that don't.
These two mindsets produce two types of work environments. I'll call them the results-first workplace and the people-first workplace.
In the people-first environment, they prioritize healthy work habits and relationships. Science is a critical piece of a whole and healthy life. In the results-first environment, all that matters is the outcome. People get the job done whatever the cost.
For the people-first scientist, science enriches their life. For the results-first scientist, science is their life.
I can't say which environment is better but there few fates worse in science than being a people-first person in a results-first workplace or vice versa.
For a results-first scientist, pressure to push their limits is exciting. For the people-first scientist, it's a corrosive and unhealthy obsession with work. Results-first environments eat balanced, emotionally healthy people that care about their colleagues for breakfast.
For a results-first scientist, pressure to be balanced strangles their creativity and ambition. It's like being chained down or trapped in a coffin. For the people-first scientist, it's a supportive environment where they can do their best work and flourish as a scientist.
I once knew two research assistants. Let's call them Mike and Sarah. Mike was 10 years older than Sarah. Sarah was single. Mike was married with kids. Mike was trying to make a career out of being science support staff. For Sarah, this was just a stepping stone to medical school.
At some point, it became clear to both of them that the lab was having trouble with funding and there would only be enough money for one of them.
Sarah started regularly working past midnight. Mike had to get home to his kids in the evening. Sarah didn't care about the union. Mike tried to stay within the rules about work hours. It wasn't too long before Mike started applying for other work.
I could see both sides. Sarah needed the best portfolio she could for her applications. This job was only temporary. She was expecting to move again soon and didn't have a lot of attachments. She had structured her life to fit for this job perfectly.
For Mike it was different, his life in science needed to fit within the commitments he'd made to his family. He cared about the union because he was planning to be part of the organization for a long time. In a perfect world, a workplace be able should accommodate both mindsets.
I had a conversation once with one of those folks that universities pay to listen to stressed out academics.
She told she had talked to many scientists who had reached a point in their career where they needed to choose between their families, their relationships and their health on one side and putting in the hours to be the best that they could be on the other.
โ€œI don't recommend it" she said, "but many of them choose their work over everything else and go on to have terrible personal lives and amazing careers.โ€ Her expression seemed to say, "Hey. This is the life you chose."
In general, the people-first and the results-first camps tend to talk past each other. Both camps think they're the true heroes of science. Between them are the unicorns that are so brilliant and amazing that they never had to pick a camp. Everybody else gets squeezed.
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More from @kareem_carr

7 Mar
At the beginning of a science, the first step is always to declare the thingness of something that we want to study. This is a star. That is a cow. This is a society. That is a race. This is a mind. That first step is actually a huge step which we rarely ever talk about.
It's just kind of assumed that obviously we can just identify things as clearly being real using our senses and our intuitions and as long as our scientific conclusions seem predictive to us (using the same senses and intuition) then we assume we must be on the right track.
Social phenomena present a real challenge here because we can't perceive social reality directly with our senses and different people have different intuitions which seem to lead to different frameworks which all seem to have some predictive validity.
Read 5 tweets
3 Mar
I've decided to pull back from talking about race on social media. There are many reasons for this but the most important one for me is it has come to feel like a pointless energy drain that doesn't seem to make a difference.
During the summer, I was inspired to use my "platform" to be a "voice" but I don't think it has been very productive. Although many commenters have accused me of talking about race out of self-interest, I actually see it as a moral duty to help. A duty and often a burden.
I'm sure it has professionally hurt me. For instance, many people have made assumptions about my competence and intellectual background that simply aren't true.
Read 10 tweets
28 Feb
Any philosophers of science willing to vouch for the accuracy of this chart?

I don't think my view is represented here. Basically, I think scientific models start out lower down and can be moved upwards through different degrees of reality as work on them. Image
So my perspective is sort of a No-Free-Lunch or Very-Little-Free-Lunch perspective on scientific realism. Before I accept your theory, I want to characterize how much work you did and what kind. I don't want to give you "scientific reality" for free.
This is why I'm kind of a skeptic on "2+2=4" because in almost all cases one has done no real work to verify that a statement like this describes all of physical reality in practice. "All of reality" is very big you see.
Read 4 tweets
27 Feb
Statistics Formulas Explained!

This is a thread for data science beginners with a fun little twist at the end for the pros!

It will explain the formulas for:
1. the mean
2. the variance
3. and a fun link between both ๐Ÿงต

Keep reading to find out more! ๐Ÿ‘‡
Let's get warmed up by reviewing the definition of the mean or average of our data.
The variance formula looks a lot like taking an average but it's the average of the distance from the mean squared.
Read 10 tweets
23 Feb
As a non-American living in America, during a pandemic, I'm both awed and horrified by this country's reverence for work.
When most people around the world talk about work-life balance, they mean *quality* of life vs hours of work. Here in America, the trade off seems to be about years off your actual life.
HALF A MILLION Americans are dead because of this pandemic and as far as I can tell a huge number of Americans are OK with this. They would rather talk about the weather.
Read 13 tweets
22 Feb
I've worked in a lot of different sciences and what I've discovered is that each science is its own slightly bizarre alternate reality where the scientific method turned out differently.
People say you're entitled to your own opinion but not your own facts. But I need you to hear this: every science has its own facts. And I don't want to freak you out but they don't even agree on what a "fact" actually is.
The scientific method relies on the answers to questions like 'what is evidence'? Sciences are free to answer these questions in their own way and to define their own scientific method.
Read 14 tweets

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