No stimulus check yet? Don't (just) blame your bank: blame your banker's bank. As this 2019 op-ed by NACHA's CEO Jane Larimer explains, "ACH payments can only be settled when the Federal Reserve’s settlement service is open." americanbanker.com/opinion/call-f… 1/6
The Fed's services are closed on weekends and holidays, so any payment request sent on such days, or too late on a Friday, can take days to et credited to the recipient's account. For years NACHA and others have urged the Fed to settle payments 24/7/365. 2/6
Yet even a modest increase in those services' weekday hours, which NACHA also urged and Larimer expected to see completed in March 2020, was delayed another year by the Fed. It's now scheduled for next week: digitaltransactions.net/fed-delay-caus… 3/6
And weekend and holiday settlements? Don;t hold your breath. The Fed has been kicking that can down the road for years--w/out offering a single cogent reason for doing so. And now it seems set on treating FedNow as a substitute for that much-needed reform. 4/6
Yet FedNow won't be up-and-running until 2023, assuming the Fed will keep its promise this time (and there are good reasons to be skeptical). Even then, FedNow is unlikely to replace ACH payments. Instead, these services will operate side-by-side. paymentsjournal.com/not-all-payday… 5/6
So, as @Aarondklein and I argued last year, if the Fed wants to do all it can to rid this country of long payday or relief-payment settlement delays, it has to quit making excuses for not enhancing its legacy settlement services. brookings.edu/opinions/we-sh…
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Thread: Those urging central banks to issue digital currencies, even or especially as an alternative to privately-supplied alternatives, need to consider the risk that by doing so they will hinder future payments innovations.
They should start by asking why so many nations still rely upon grubby paper currency, when the technologies that make various digital alternatives possible--technologies almost all of which have been private sector innovations--have been around for some time.
They should consider the possibility that it's only because central banks drove commercial banks out of the business of issuing currency during the 19th and early 20th centuries, ending their ability to innovate in that field, that paper currency has persisted for so long.
"The Fed’s systems can take days to settle transactions. Other central banks, including those of Europe, Brazil and Mexico, do so instantly, something the Fed doesn’t anticipate doing until 2023." Quite true. But a couple points deserve attention. wsj.com/articles/fed-a… 1/4
First, the Fed's legacy payments systems, based on Fedwire, won't simply disappear once FedNow launches. Many payments will still depend on Fedwire. Legacy systems and FedNow will operate side-by-side. 2/4
Second, as @Aarondklein and I observed a year ago, payments made on the legacy systems don't have to take "days" to settle. That many do at present is a consequence of limited Fedwire and NSS operating hours. americanbanker.com/opinion/we-sho… 3/4
This has long been my view. The FRA authorizes Fed provision of paper currency, but does not otherwise allow it to supply retail payments media; in particular it does not allow it to compete directly w/ commercial banks by taking retail deposits.
Furthermore, the Fed account plans I've seen typically assume that they would bear interest at or very close to the IOR rate. Besides posing the risk of beggaring private financial intermediaries, that procedure would have the Fed thumb its nose at the 1980 Monetary Control Act.
Fed policy, informed by the MCA, calls for it to generally avoid changes that "would have a direct and material adverse effect on the ability of other service providers to compete effectively with the Federal Reserve in providing similar services." federalreserve.gov/paymentsystems…
Thread: Northern Ireland's First Trust Bank, one of the world's few remaining commercial banks-of-issue, will exit the paper currency business in 2022, leaving only three surviving Irish note-issuing banks: aibni.co.uk/banknotes
Elsewhere, Scotland and Hong Kong also have three commercial banks-of-issue each. That's 9 surviving private note-issuing banks. What few may realize is that, little more than a century ago, currency systems based on multiple, private banks-of-issue were the norm.
Still fewer people realize that many of these competitive currency systems were remarkably stable and efficient. The Scottish system, for instance, had a far better 19th-c. record than England's, where the Bank of England enjoyed many exclusive privileges: iea.org.uk/sites/default/…
File under: Lies, damn lies, and statistics. Because it was an unusually sudden and steep downturn, to really get a sense of the severity of the "Roosevelt Recession," one has to look not at the annual GNP or GDP data, but at monthly measures, like Industrial Production. 1/n
Here's what the latter series looks like. As you can see, it shows that the '37-'38 recession did in fact undo a big part of the '33-'37 recovery, which had itself been disappointingly slow and (by early 1937) far from complete. 2/n.
Note how, setting aside the spring '33 "boomlet" (reflecting firms' attempts to build inventory in advance of coming NRA controls), there's no real progress until the NRA, the New Deal's keystone recovery program, lapses in '35. That's no coincidence: alt-m.org/2020/08/24/the… 3/n
Thread: Fed officials are now saying that they'll be able to launch FedNow in 2023 rather than later: finextra.com/newsarticle/37…
It's understandable that they should do everything possible to accelerate FedNow's launch: RTP, FedNow's private-sector rival, has been operating since 2017, and its network now covers well over 70% of all U.S. bank deposits, with new depository institutions joining every week.
Universal or "ubiquitous" coverage was one of the key objectives of the Faster Payments Task Force est. by the Fed in 2015. The Clearing House's RTP system answered that Task Force's recommendations. By late 2018 it had 50% network coverage.