All the translations shown on this page are reasonably accurate:
1: 寿 "Show-- signifies Long Life"
This is correct; we now spell it "Shou" in pinyin.
Curiously enough, they are using the "simplified" or abbreviated form of the character; the "full" form is 壽
福 "Foke or Fohe [...] Equally signifies happiness"
Again, a correct translation. The top is the character in the standard hand; the bottom is in "Seal Character" 篆書.
This is not actually a cypher., but rather an archaic form of writing preserved for ceremonial purposes...
... such as seals. The one immidiately below it is he word written in the chinese equivalent of cursive writing ( 草書? 行書?)
沈 Chum "The name of a Canton or part of the island Hoey Noam
香 Hay-ong - Signifies sweet-scented.
This is a fine scented wood, fo which the Duchess of Portland has a fan, the sticks whereof is made by this wood"
In english, this wood is called Agarwood or Aloeswood. This explanation is interesting, as it is contrary to the modern interpretation: "Chum Hayong" = Chen xiang is so called because the wood sinks (Chen) when placed into water...
It would be interesting to consider what part of "Hoey Noam"were they thinking about when they said "沈". For one, @Willie62160407 thinks it may be Hainan, as do i...
Again, as notes, the quality of the Chinese writing is actually very good, much better than what you would see in most early European books: (eg: this is supposed to represent 癸亥) as @StatesWarring notes, they may have gotten a native speaker to do it
Some observations about astrology in the Medicine Buddha Sutra. 藥師琉璃光如來本願功德經 The sutra's relationship with astral omens is... complicated, at least from the western perspective. fgsitc.org/wp-content/upl…
we are told, Whenever there is "the disaster of a weird change in the stars and constellations, or the disaster of the Sun [or] moon eclipising”星宿變怪難,日月薄蝕難, the ruler of a nation can avoid disaster if they make offerings to the Medicine Buddha (amongst other things)
It is interesting to consider this in light of a passage several pages later, which concerns the Nine unfortunate types of death. At the top of the list is death through belief in hetrodox views, which is started off by being addicted to divination and magic...
1.At the prompting of @EPButler , shall speak a few words regarding the situation regarding Shenjiao and Daoism, from my experience growing up in Singapore.
2.Daoism, and Shenjiao—the religion dedicated to the worship of “popular” deities, like the earth god, god of wealth, are lumped together as "Taoism" in Singapore. Experience suggests that the worship of these "folk deities" makes up much of what is called Taoism in Singapore...
3- The forms of Daoism that we would think about when we study the subject in the west such as Quanzhen, Lingbao, etc. do not actually have much currency in Singapore. I did not even hear of these names until i started reading western books on Daoism.
On decans
1.The decans are one of the oldest parts of astrology—you will find them in ancient Egyptian texts. They are still used today, mostly in the context of essential dignity.
2.For starters, a decan is 1/3 of a zodiac sign. As each zodiac sign contains 30 degrees, it follows decans are 30/3=10-degree stretches of each sign. (hence the name)
3.So, for example, if the Moon is in 12 Cancer, she is said to be in the 2nd decan of Cancer (the 2nd decan of Cancer runs from 11-20 Cancer).
The contents of the "Complete Book of a Myriad Treasures", 萬寶全書 a Chinese encyclopedia, pub‘d 1739, 1871 reprint books.google.com/books?id=fO4pA…
Vol 1: Astronomy
2: Geography
3: Records of Humanity
4: Barbarians
5: Literary models
6: Manchurian
7: Calligraphy...
NOTE: THE CELESTIAL EMPORIUM OF BENEVOLENT KNOWLEDGE DOES NOT ACTUALLY EXIST. THE ABOVE LIST IS MY TRANSLATION OF THE TITLES GIVEN BY BORGES INTO PSEUDO-CLASSICAL CHINESE