the paved streets of ile-ife an ancient yoruba city
broken, neatly laid potsherds were a common feature of west african cities from jenne to diffa, the tradition first appeared during the late 1st millennium
the asante retained much of their gold between the 18th and mid-19th century, stemming an erosion of value and sustaining a fiscal-military state in the nascent global economy when some contemporaneous African states couldn't
Acemoglu on Africa in "why nations fail" -a commentary thread on his analysis of the political and economic institutions of pre-colonial Africa
Detailed sources and references at bottom of the thread
<for Sources for screenshots and further reading at bottom of the thread>
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2/ His argument is that prosperity of wealthy nations was preceded by political pluralism that started a positive feedback loop of inclusive political institutions, increasing the cost of staying in power while broadening the segments of society where political elites are taken
3/ He thus categorizes all pre-modern states' political systems as extractive and those after the glorious revolution in England, the French revolution and their western colonies as inclusive
on pre-colonial Africa, he focuses on Kongo (plus abit on Aksum, Kuba and Ethiopia)
settled by the bantu-speaking swahili btn the 12th and 16th cent.
gede was the innermost of the swahili cities (but weaker than its neighbors malindi and mombasa), the ruins include a five mosques, multi-roomed houses and a city wall #historyxt
gedi, like its neighbour malindi most likely exported iron, gold and ivory among others but mostly iron which was in high demand in india
a large rectangular bath built about the same time as Fasilides castle by the same gondarine emperor in the fortified royal city of gondar whose architecture is late axumite-mughal blend
now used mostly for the annual timket celebration