Munchausen syndrome (or factitious disorder) is a disorder where a person fakes illness. The name comes from Rudolf Erich Raspe’s 1785 fictional character Baron Munchausen - but he was based on a real person.
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Hieronymus Karl Friedrich von Münchhausen (1720-97) fought for the Russian Empire in the Russo-Turkish War of 1735–1739. After retiring, he became famous for his outrageous stories about his time in the army.
He wasn’t looked on so much as a liar, as a fantastic storyteller - even royalty came to listen to him. After hearing him, Raspe (who was a bit of a git all round) wrote his stories down and published them anonymously in England.
This is Elena Milagro de Hoyos (1910-31), a beautiful Cuban-American woman who sadly died of tuberculosis. Elena’s doctor, Carl Tanzler (1877-1952) was madly in love with her, and wasn’t going to let a little thing like her dying get in the way of them being together.
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Tanzler was a German-born radiology technologist at the Marine-Hospital Service in Key West, Florida. He married married Doris Schäfer in 1920, had two kids & the family emigrated to the US, where Tanzler left the family & set up on his own.
Tanzler was certainly something of an eccentric & claimed to have had visions of Countess Anna Constantia von Cosel (a long dead ancestor) who showed him a beautiful, dark haired woman was going to be his true love.
This is La Femme Damnée, by Nicolas Francois Octave Tassaert (1859). Two years earlier Charles Baudelaire published Les Fleurs du mal, & 6 of his poems were banned, including “Femmes damnées”.
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Femmes Damnées (or the damned women) tells of lesbian lovers Delphine and Hippolyta. You can read it all here, but here is the final verse fleursdumal.org/poem/180
Baudelaire and his publisher prosecuted for offending public decency. The court ruled that the erotic poems would “necessarily lead to the excitement of the senses by a crude realism offensive to public decency”. The ruling was only overturned in 1949.
This is ‘Christ and the Adulteress’. It depicts a scene from the Gospel of John. The painting was one of Hermann Göring’s most prized possessions. Once the war was over, Allied forces set about discovering who had sold this Dutch masterpiece to a Nazi.
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Göring had acquired Christ with the Adulteress, by Dutch master Johannes Vermeer (1632-75), from Alois Miedl, a Nazi art dealer & right shit who made a lot of money stealing art from Jewish ppl & selling it on.
Göring gave Miedl 137 looted paintings for Christ with the Adulteress and showcased it at his residence in Carinhall. In 1945, Göring’s vast art collection was discovered by allied soldiers led by Captain Harry Anderson (pictured).
Joseph Pujol (1857-1945), better known as Le Pétomane, was a professional farter from France, who headlined at the Moulin Rouge. His stage name combined the French verb péter, "to fart" with “mane”, meaning "maniac", “fartomaniac”.
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Apparently, Le Pétomane was not passing intestinal gas, but had such fantastic control of his abdominal and rectal muscles, he could effectively suck air into to his rectum and expel it at will.
He discovered this talent as a small child. According to his biographers Jean Nohain and F. Caradec, the young Pétomane went swimming in the sea when he suddenly felt a very cold sensation in his bowels.
This is John Singer Sargent’s “Madame X” (1884). Although it doesn’t look remotely controversial today, when it was exhibited at 1884 Paris Salon, the public were so shocked & disgusted that Sargent moved out of the country, and his model’s reputation never recovered.
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The sitter was the socialite Virginie Amélie Avegno Gautreau, wife of the French banker Pierre Gautreau.
Gautreau was an American expatriate, known in Paris as a ‘professional beauty’, meaning she used her looks to advance her social status - which she did exceptionally well
Her husband was much older than she was and very wealthy. Paris was awash with rumours about her multiple infidelities, but the social elite clamoured to be around her, nonetheless.