Unlike Americans, Europeans have no precedents for high-rise design before modernism. It is thus with great interest that I observe several recent attempts at a vernacular skyscraper. Here before-and-after at Blackfriars Circus, by the ever-interesting Maccreanor Lavington.
Here Keybridge House, by Alliance and Morrison, and a proposed Maccreanor Lavington building on Old Kent Road.
I stress that I do not give any of these buildings my unqualified support, either architecturally or (especially) urbanistically. Nevertheless, they deserve attention: the right policy is to nourish encouraging tendencies, rather than making blanket condemnations.
We may be too prone to ask whether one is for or against tall buildings; it usually depends on the tall building, and its surroundings.
Thanks to @ikeijeh for highlighting these examples, and for his excellent critical remarks on them in 'Designing London'.
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I just learnt in Carol Willis's brilliant 'Form Follows Finance' why ceiling heights tended to fall in the 20C. The main reason is that natural lighting depends greatly on how high the windows are relative to the depth of the room, for the obvious reason that light falls.
Before the invention of fluorescent lighting, office space was apparently considered unrentable if it is was more than 25ft from a 12ft high window.
This is one reason why it is much easier to convert older office buildings to residential uses today: people will tolerate working in an office lit only with fluorescent strips, but they are intensely reluctant to live in a home without sunlight.
Work of JJ Burnet (1857-1938). Burnet was born in Glasgow and began his career working in a 'neo-Baroque' manner, as in the Athenaeum Theatre (left). His reputation was made, however, by his great classical design for the British Museum extension, finished in 1914 (right).
Burnet was one of several mostly Scottish architects who revived a stricter classical style in Edwardian Britain; the contrast here with Belcher's 1902 Town Hall for Colchester (left), more representative of existing English practice, shows the striking difference.
Burnet remained a fascinating architect in the interwar period, with work like Adelaide House (1925) and Glasgow University Memorial Chapel (1929).
The celebrated city of Shibam in Yemen, mostly 16C. Many sources claim it was built so high for 'defence'; this doesn't obviously explain why Shibam ended up higher than other premodern Eurasian cities with similar defensive needs, so I suspect there must be more to it.
The facades alternate between rows of larger windows, often with richly ornamented shutters, and rows of smaller ones. The two are often grouped with string courses and sometimes pilaster strips, recalling the superimposed implied giant orders of many Italian apartment buildings.
The smaller windows are naturally read as mezzanines, but it seems they are in fact clerestories, i.e. each floor has two rows of windows. This will disappoint YIMBYs, but they must be beautiful high-ceilinged rooms inside. Few photographs are available, but here is one.
From my trip to Poundbury last year with @bswud and @He10ise. It is obviously imperfect, and has to some extent been superseded. But it is no less obviously a gigantic improvement on existing practice. It has also improved over time, a point that is not generally appreciated.
Note attention to detail: ground-floor walls between houses to strengthen the street line; regulated shop signage, rare outside France and Italy; lamps often fastened to buildings rather than cluttering streets; blind windows, for which my fondness is well known.
Some limitations were perhaps difficult to avoid: although it is higher density than usual for a suburban housing estate, it is still low by historic standards; and although it is delightfully walkable, most residents still rely on cars to travel elsewhere.
Ciudad Cayalá, Guatemala, designed by María Sánchez and Pedro Godoy. When finished it will be by far the largest recent vernacular neighbourhood anywhere. The Mayor of Guatemala describes it as a model for future urban extensions.
Within Cayalá something close to car-independence has been achieved, although I understand residents of Cayalá tend still to rely on cars for travel elsewhere in Guatemala. Parking is largely underground, fortunately made possible by Cayalá's location on a hill.
A church is currently rising in the centre of the neighbourhood, apparently funded entirely by donations from existing residents.