Thread by @MSS3RosaFerreum

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women Well, this is why I asked whether or not you would predict that women work as much as or more than men when adding up domestic labor and paid labor and, in particular, whether or not women who don’t have child care responsibilities work as many hours at paid work as men.

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women The so-called "wage gap" is women's median earnings divided by men's median earnings.

While "salaries" are usually indifferent to the amount of time one works, "wages" are not.

So if there is a #GenderedLaborGap, it would impact the so-called "wage gap."

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women However, the problem is deeper than that. If women with kids are working at paid work fewer hours due to the unpredictability of childcare responsibilities as you suggest @Sneshka_Richter, we should expect that problem to not exist for women who don't have kids, but that's false.

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women If you add up both the unpaid labor and paid labor, on average, men work more total time than women creating a #GenderedLaborGap pursuant to (as an example) the @BLS_gov's 2017 American Time Use Survey (bls.gov/news.release/a…) and @pewresearch's data (pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018…).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch American Time Use Survey (with 2017 as an example) shows that women on average are not spending enough more time with their kids, doing chores, or anything else to justify women's lack of time working.

On average, men just work more in America (considering both paid and unpaid).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch Let's do the math:

Table 8A, column 1: Men: Women:
Household activities: 1.31 2.34
Caring for household: 1.01 1.85
Work-related activities: 5.46 3.37
==========
Total: 7.78 7.56

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch Now comparing the men from Table 8B to the women from Table 8C (where the youngest child is under 6):

Women care for and help household members 2.08 more hours per day than men in the most extreme case presented by Table 8A, but men work 6.43 hours more per day than women.

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch Similarly, comparing the men from Table 8B to the women from Table 8C (where the youngest child is under 6), women do household activities for 1.91 more hours per day than men in the most extreme case presented by Table 8A, but, again, men work 6.43 hours more per day than women.

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch Let's do the math: Men: Women:
Household activities: 1.26 3.17
Caring for household: 1.42 3.36
Work-related activities: 6.57 0.00
==========
Total: 9.25 6.53

Who is doing more?

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch By comparing the men from Table 8B to the women from Table 8C (using the youngest child under 6 column), we see the situation where women are unemployed and spending the most time caring not only for the children but the whole family.

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch If women with kids are working fewer paid work hours due to the number of hours spent on childcare responsibilities as you suggest @Sneshka_Richter, we should've seen women performing as many domestic labor hours as men were spending doing paid labor, but that isn't what we see.

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch Other @BLS_gov data (see below) indicates that 61% of families have both parents employed (bls.gov/opub/ted/2017/…), but does not indicate whether the mothers are working full-time or part-time.

The American Time Use Survey does have an answer in Table 8B.

Let's check that out.

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch Let's do the math:

Table 8B, column 1: Men: Women:
Household activities: 1.23 1.90
Caring for household: 0.93 1.52
Work-related activities: 6.35 5.01
===========
Total: 8.51 8.43

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch Maybe women are forced to stay home with their kids and that causes the gap. If true, women with no kids should be working the same amount as men in the workforce as there is no reason not to since there is no reason to be on call and no extra household or child care duties.

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch Let's do that math:

Table 8A, column 4: Men: Women:
Household activities: 1.54 2.21
Caring for household: 0.07 0.07
Work-related activities: 4.11 2.83
===========
Total: 5.72 5.11

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch Consider just workers:

Table 8B, column 4: Men: Women:
Household activities: 1.34 1.80
Caring for household: 0.04 0.05
Work-related activities: 6.17 5.29
===========
Total: 7.55 7.14

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch Whether you consider all currently childless folks (Table 8A) or just the ones working (Table 8B), women spend less time on paid labor and related activities and women spend less time working considering both unpaid domestic labor and paid labor added together. The pattern holds.

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch Since the so-called "wage gap" is such a big problem,
@Sneshka_Richter, why don't women work more to make the so-called "wage gap" disappear? Per the @BLS_gov's American Time Use Survey, domestic duties aren't holding women back.

Men can do the work so why can't women?

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch "[O]nce we control only for one variable—hours worked—and compare men and women both working 40-hours per week in 2017, more than one-third of the raw 18.2% pay gap reported by the BLS disappears" (fee.org/articles/a-new…).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch Did you know that “unmarried, childless women under 30 who live in cities” already out-earn men pursuant to @TIME Magazine (content.time.com/time/business/…), @usnews & World Report (usnews.com/debate-club/sh…), and @PolitiFact's @PunditFact (politifact.com/punditfact/sta…)?

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact "What’s especially interesting is that women working 35-39 hours per week [in 2017] earned 107% of men’s earnings for those weekly hours, i.e., there was a 7% gender earnings gap in favor of female workers for that cohort" (fee.org/articles/a-new…).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact According to the @BLS_gov, "[o]n the days they worked, employed men worked 49 minutes more than employed women. … However, even among full-time workers (those usually working 35 hours or more per week), men worked more per day than women—8.4 hours, compared with 7.9 hours."

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact Pursuant to @BLS_gov data in the American Time Use Survey, the average man is getting the equivalent of over 26½ (8-hour) days of experience more than the average woman is getting on the job (bls.gov/news.release/a…, p. 2).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact Dividing the total hours worked into 8-hour workdays, using the @BLS_gov data from the American Time Use Survey, it's as if men (on average) are working nearly 13 months a year to women's less than 12 months per year (bls.gov/news.release/a…, p. 2).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact Now, looking only at full-time workers, pursuant to @BLS_gov data in the American Time Use Survey, the average man is getting the equivalent of over 16 (8-hour) days of experience more than the average woman is getting on the job (bls.gov/news.release/a…, p. 2).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact Dividing the total hours worked into 8-hour workdays, using the @BLS_gov data from the American Time Use Survey, it's almost as if men (on average) are working nearly 12½ months a year to women's less than 12 (bls.gov/news.release/a…, p. 2).

Albeit slower, this adds up fast.

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact Women being less productive than men (and that contributing to the pay gap) is apparently not news.

@LexyTopping writes "[m]en should work less and their employers and the government should help them to do so in order to close the gender pay gap" (google.com/amp/s/amp.theg…).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping On page 5 of _The State of Pay: Demystifying the Gender Pay Gap_ (May 2018), Institute for Public Policy Research writes as part of their 3rd recommendation that "[c]hanging men’s working behaviour is a crucial component of closing the gender pay gap" (ippr.org/files/2018-05/…).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping "To reduce the gender stratification of full and part-time roles, and reduce the maternity penalty, employers could… introduce dedicated, paid paternity leave…, to advertise roles as flexible by default, and to encourage men to partake in job share arrangements." Id., p. 5.

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping The @IPPR continues stating that the pay gap "doesn’t take into account any of the drivers of different pay levels, such as age, qualifications, experience or seniority, or type of work" (ippr.org/files/2018-05/…, p. 6).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR "As such, a firm-level gender pay gap does not indicate discriminatory practices, and is not unlawful" (ippr.org/files/2018-05/…, p. 6).

Is it reasonable to expect (and get) more pay than men (on average) despite working less than men (on average), @Sneshka_Richter?

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR Interestingly, @Tekla_Too asked "[h]ow would being more effective at low-paid work reduce gendered income inequality" (

https://twitter.com/Tekla_Too/status/1382090618000658432

) ignoring that most college graduates are women. College graduates should have the skills to earn more money.

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR Remember, "[s]ince the 1980s, women have made up the majority of those seeking bachelor’s degrees. By 1999, women received 57% of bachelor’s degrees, and it has been that way more or less for almost two decades" (wsj.com/articles/histo…).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR The flip side of this is that women getting better educated than men and women working less than men is causing "[w]omen [to] hold nearly two-thirds of the outstanding student debt in the United States—almost $929 billion as of early-2019" (aauw.org/research/deepe…).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR Despite working less than men (on average) and getting supposedly less pay than men (on average), one wonders how women command more purchasing power than men.

Any ideas, @Sneshka_Richter or @Tekla_Too? Where is the money coming from?

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR More to the point (from an economic perspective), Amy Nelson, in @Inc, writes "[w]omen drive 70-80 percent of all consumer purchasing, through a combination of their buying power and influence" (inc.com/amy-nelson/wom…) citing @Bloomberg (bloomberg.com/company/storie…).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg Bridget Brennan, in @Bloomberg, writes "[w]omen drive 70-80% of all consumer purchasing, through a combination of their buying power and influence" (bloomberg.com/company/storie…).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg Bridget Brennan, in @Bloomberg, clarifies that "[i]nfluence means that even when a woman isn’t paying for something herself, she is often the influence or veto vote behind someone else’s purchase"(bloomberg.com/company/storie…).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg Michael J. Silverstein and Kate Sayre, in @HarvardBiz, note that women's "$13 trillion in total yearly earnings could reach $18 trillion in the same period" (hbr.org/2009/09/the-fe…). If you do the math, you might note that women are obviously spending unearned money.

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg @HarvardBiz Michael J. Silverstein and Kate Sayre state, in @HarvardBiz, simply that "women are the customer" (hbr.org/2009/09/the-fe…).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg @HarvardBiz Krystle M. Davis, in @Forbes, writes "[w]omen may make up half of the U.S. population, but they dominate consumer purchasing decisions" and "[w]omen drive 70-80% of all consumer purchasing decisions" (forbes.com/sites/forbesco…).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg @HarvardBiz @Forbes Krystle M. Davis, in @Forbes, notes that "[t]he top homebuyers after married couples are single women (18%, double the percentage for single men at 9%)" and "70% of travel consumers are women" (forbes.com/sites/forbesco…).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg @HarvardBiz @Forbes Girlpowermarketing writes "[w]omen control over $20 trillion in worldwide spending" and "[w]omen account for 85% of all consumer purchases"(girlpowermarketing.com/statistics-pur…).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg @HarvardBiz @Forbes Girlpowermarketing writes "women will control two-thirds of all consumer wealth in the United States and be the beneficiaries of the largest transference of wealth in our country’s history" (girlpowermarketing.com/statistics-pur…) citing Mediapost, April 19, 2013; She-conomy.

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg @HarvardBiz @Forbes "[W]omen account for 85 percent of all purchases and drive 70-80 percent of all consumer spending" (entrepreneur.com/article/329780) writes
@JanaMatt, in @Entrepreneur.

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg @HarvardBiz @Forbes @JanaMatt @Entrepreneur Inclusionary Leadership Group writes "[w]omen influence 7 trillion dollars of spending in the US annually in this country and influence 83% of all consumer spending in the United States" (genderleadershipgroup.com/the-inclusiona…).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg @HarvardBiz @Forbes @JanaMatt @Entrepreneur It seems from all the above data like women can opt-out of working more than men can (considering both paid and unpaid labor) and women are being allowed to reap the rewards of being a part of society without being made by society to contribute as much as men to that society.

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg @HarvardBiz @Forbes @JanaMatt @Entrepreneur Regarding a time before single mothers by divorce, consider "Lagging Behind the Times: Parenthood, Custody, and Gender Bias in the Family Court" by Cynthia A. McNeely published in 1998 in Volume 25 of the _Florida State University Law Review_ page 891 (ir.law.fsu.edu/cgi/viewconten…).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg @HarvardBiz @Forbes @JanaMatt @Entrepreneur "[T]he father [was designated] as the natural protector of children because he had the ability to provide for their financial support. Women were seen as incapable of handling legal or financial matters…." 25 Fla. St. U. L. Rev. 891, 897 (1998).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg @HarvardBiz @Forbes @JanaMatt @Entrepreneur "Because fathers usually provided the family’s sole income through their employment away from the home [during the Industrial Revolution], this absence advanced the fathers' 'long march from the center to the periphery of domestic life.'" 25 Fla. St. U. L. Rev. at 898 (1998).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg @HarvardBiz @Forbes @JanaMatt @Entrepreneur "Congress implemented the Talfourd Act of 1839 to legislate the presumption that courts should award custody of children under age seven to the mother." 25 Fla. St. U. L. Rev. at 897 (1998).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg @HarvardBiz @Forbes @JanaMatt @Entrepreneur "This presumption became known as the 'tender-years doctrine,' which legalized for the first time the belief that mothers were better suited to raise children than fathers." 25 Fla. St. U. L. Rev. at 897 (1998).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg @HarvardBiz @Forbes @JanaMatt @Entrepreneur "Eventually, 'the tender-years presumption became the rationale for awarding custody of children of all ages to the mother on a permanent basis.'" 25 Fla. St. U. L. Rev. at 899 (1998).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg @HarvardBiz @Forbes @JanaMatt @Entrepreneur "[T]he continuous refrain throughout the last one hundred years has been that when it comes to childrearing, fathers are not that important." 25 Fla. St. U. L. Rev. at 914 (1998).

You might think the culprit was patriarchy, but it was actually feminism.

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg @HarvardBiz @Forbes @JanaMatt @Entrepreneur Consider "The Divorce Bargain: The Fathers’ Rights Movement and Family Inequalities" by Deborah Dinner published in 2016 in Volume 102 of the _Virginia Law Review_ beginning at page 79 (available at: poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?I…).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg @HarvardBiz @Forbes @JanaMatt @Entrepreneur "[L]egal reforms enabling fathers to fulfill caregiving roles through joint custody would also enable mothers to fulfill breadwinning roles." 102 Virginia Law Review 128 (poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?I…).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg @HarvardBiz @Forbes @JanaMatt @Entrepreneur "By promoting joint custody as well as sex-neutral spousal maintenance, …the [divorce] bargain liberalized gender roles within divorced families, offering a model of a more egalitarian family structure." 102 Virginia Law Review 142 (poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?I…).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg @HarvardBiz @Forbes @JanaMatt @Entrepreneur "[T]he available evidence gleaned from comprehensive research into the movements’ archival record suggests that fathers’ rights activists genuinely pursued both the rewards and responsibilities of caring for their children." 102 Virginia Law Review 145 (poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?I…).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg @HarvardBiz @Forbes @JanaMatt @Entrepreneur "Criticism of joint custody formed part of a broader critique among feminist legal theorists in the 1980s about what they perceived as an earlier generation of feminist reformers’ mistaken focus on same treatment." 102 Virginia Law Review 144 (poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?I…).

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg @HarvardBiz @Forbes @JanaMatt @Entrepreneur As outlined above, before labor-saving gizmos, men used to be awarded custody whenever the courts got involved and then the "tender years" doctrine came to be (which was advocated for by women) which led to sole custody being awarded to women and women getting child support.

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg @HarvardBiz @Forbes @JanaMatt @Entrepreneur So we can test if men can handle the responsibilities of the whole household without wives and it turns out that they can.

So @Sneshka_Richter and @Tekla_Too, why can't women work as much as men when both domestic labor and paid labor are considered?

Please cite your sources.

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg @HarvardBiz @Forbes @JanaMatt @Entrepreneur @threadreaderapp, please unroll.

@Sneshka_Richter @Tekla_Too @wjm73675578 @PhilMitchell83 @SeagerMJ @LavAgarwal95 @bytecrack @UN_Women @BLS_gov @pewresearch @TIME @usnews @PolitiFact @PunditFact @LexyTopping @IPPR @Inc @Bloomberg @HarvardBiz @Forbes @JanaMatt @Entrepreneur @threader_app, please compile.