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HG

18 Apr, 9 tweets, 4 min read

Strong antibody response correlates w/ more SEVERE clinical disease while strong T-cell response linkd w/ LESS severe disease. CD8 T-cells => signature of successful protective immunity. Note: CD8 T cells have the HIGHEST levels of vit. D receptor comprd w/other major immunecells

Even vaccine developers admit this: sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
But they forget that T-cells need vitamin D: blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/a…

There are many many articles on the quality of CD8+T-cells and Covid response and when you pay attention you notice that these qualities (ex IFG Gamma secretion, memory, speed) all depend on sufficient Vit D respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…

Vitamin D increases CD8+T-cells (see: hindawi.com/journals/ad/20…, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31244851/)

but also, more generally, energizing effect of sunlight on T-cells: sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/…

Vitamin D Receptor Signals Regulate Effector and Memory CD8 T Cell Responses to Infections in Mice
Results: The absence of vitamin D signals significantly restricted (P ≤ 0.05) breadth of the antigen-specific CD8 T cell effector and memory repertoire.

academic.oup.com/jn/article/144…

Read these studies with the Vit D deficiency lens:
1. Increased CD4/CD8 ratio as a risk factor for critical illness in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a retrospective multicentre study
tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…

2. Selective CD8 cell reduction by SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a worse prognosis and systemic inflammation in COVID-19 patients
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…

3. Increased expression of CD8 marker on T-cells in COVID-19 patients

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…

https://twitter.com/HiljaGebest/status/1383758699710140419?s=20

https://twitter.com/HiljaGebest/status/1383758699710140419?s=20

Interferon type 1 and vit D:
1. VitD is required for IFN-gamma-mediated antimicrobial activity of human macrophages
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21998409/
2. "T cells from people in the asymptomatic group produced more IFN-y."
rupress.org/jem/article/21…

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More from @HiljaGebest

HG

@HiljaGebest

2 Dec 20

So why are some people unable to mount a good protective T-cell response? The key to this question might be a 10-year-old Danish study led by Carsten Geisler, head of the Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology at Uni of Copenhagen. Geisler noted that:

"When a T cell is exposed to a foreign pathogen, it extends a signalling device or 'antenna' known as a vitamin D receptor, with which it searches for vitamin D," and if there is an inadequate vitamin D level, "they won't even begin to mobilize." In other words, adequate vit. D

is critically important for the activation of T-cells from their inactive naïve state. The question of whether T-cells might also need a continuing supply of vitamin D to prevent the T-cell exhaustion and apoptosis observed in some serious COVID-19 cases deserves further research

Read 4 tweets

HG

@HiljaGebest

27 Nov 20

@c19d3k2

@c19d3k2 T- cells! 'The ability of complement to induce the expression of both VDR and the Vitamin D activating enzyme by T cells via CD46 binding is probably indicative of an autocrine or paracrine loop, which means that T cells activate VDR and respond to it.' news-medical.net/news/20200722/…

@c19d3k2

@c19d3k2 'Prior experimental studies have shown that vitamin D regulates CD4+ T-cell responses by promoting T helper 2 (Th2) cells and suppressing T helper 1 (Th1) cells, thereby limiting Th1-mediated inflammatory responses and tissue damage while enhancing Th2-med. anti-inflam.responses'

@c19d3k2

@c19d3k2 Recent studies have shown that CD4+T cells hv the capacity to convert inactive 25(OH)D to the active 1,25(OH)2D, which enhances vit D receptor expression and decreases vit D receptor proteasome degradation, both of which enable gene activation that results in CD4+ T-cell...

Read 12 tweets

HG

@HiljaGebest

25 Nov 20

Although serological and culture evidence of influenza infection has been documented in the summer, it seldom causes community outbreaks in summer.
cambridge.org/core/services/…

If vitamin D is Hope-Simpson’s ‘seasonal stimulus’, then countries with low 25(OH)D levels+ marked wintertime troughs shd have higher excess wintertime mortality than countries with high 25(OH)D levels and little seasonal variation. Norway has highest 25(OH)D levels in Europe...

...due to its high year-round consumption of fish and cod liver oil). Levels of 25(OH)D in Scandinavia display least seasonal variation in Europe; indeed there is virtually no 25(OH)D seasonal variation among the elderly in Scandinavia. On the other hand, elderly in Great Britain

Read 4 tweets

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