I am getting calls from friends/ family in India about COVID. From neurosurgeons to urologists, doctors are being roped in to handle the crisis.
1/ Having managed pts with COVID for the last year & having the luxury of time, here are my thoughts for those new to this battle.
2/ Diagnosed COVID? What next ?
Check oxygen sats.
If sats > 90%, reassure
-Paracetamol as needed for fever
-Inhaled steroids (budesonide)
-Continue to follow sats
-No need for hospitalization
-No need for chest CT
3/ if O2 Sats < 90%
-Supplemental oxygen
-Dexamethasone 6 mg/day or equivalent steroid (prednisone 40 mg, methylprednisolone 30 mg; hydrocortisone 150 mg
Steroid preparation/route does not make a difference
-Prone positioning ( sleeping on stomach)
4/ If O2 sats <90%, admit to hospital if bed available. If not treat with oxygen and oral steroids at home.
5/ Following are not useful. Do not use routinely
⁃Azithromycin
⁃Doxycycline
⁃Ivermectin
⁃Hydroxychloroquine
⁃Favipravir
6/ Remdesivir may be helpful in shortening duration of illness when used early. No real benefit in reducing mortality.
7/ Continue to promote vaccination, masking, physical distancing.
Don't give up prevention !!!!
Happy to answer questions
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1/ How does monkeypox spread? #MedTwitter
Through close, personal, contact:
•Direct contact with monkeypox rash, scabs, or body fluids
•Touching objects, fabrics (clothing, bedding, towels) used by someone with monkeypox.
•Contact with respiratory secretions
2/ PPE to prevent monkeypox transmission
Healthcare workers: gloves, gowns, mask and eye protection.
N95/respirators for activity that involves aerosol generation
Patients: Keep lesions covered and wear a mask when around others
3/ To control monkeypox we urgently need
a) Testing, testing, testing!!
Early ID means that
⁃isolation can be implemented and further transmission prevented
⁃Ring vaccination of contacts can prevent illness in contacts
3/ if you meet one or more criteria, you should seek out one of the following treatments in order of preference
⁃Paxlovid
⁃Remedesivir IV for 3 days
⁃Monoclonal antibody (Bebtelovimab)
⁃Molnupiravir
COVID cases in India rising rapidly, heralding a probable third wave. While India needs to prepare for the worst, there are hopeful signs that this wave will not be associated with the high death rate of the delta wave
Why?
1/
Two main reasons
- Larger proportion of the population immune through vaccination or past infection
- Omicron does not cause the severe lung inflammation and oxygen need seen with delta
2/
What can an individual do to prepare:
- Get vaccinated, get boosted when eligible
- Mask up
- Avoid crowds whenever possible
3/
What we know and don't know about #Omicron (B 1.1.529)
1/ Reported in S. Africa Nov 24 from a sample from Nov 9. So it has been around for at least 3 weeks, possibly longer.
2/ Classified as Variant of Concern (VOC) on Nov 26
3/ Several mutations on the spike protein
4/ As of Nov 27, found in many other countries including Belgium, Botswana, Germany, Hong Kong, Israel, Italy, UK.
Seems widespread already.
5/ Why is it Omicron a variant of concern ?
First, it has spread rapidly in S. Africa, replacing Delta entirely in some areas. This ability to replace delta is striking because other variants have not been able to do that.