I’ve had people tell me, ‘Oh, I got infected, so the vaccine didn’t work.’ No, that’s really an example of the opposite. You would have been so much more sick if the vaccine wasn't there to shield you. 🧵

sandiegouniontribune.com/news/health/st…
@JonathanWosen
"Vaccine trial data...showing that vaccines reduce your risk and severity of infection...people who might otherwise have died are surviving...people who would have gone to the hospital are recovering at home, and those who would have had mild symptoms aren’t having any."
These phenomena were wonderfully illustrated by @nataliexdean . My favorite version of the illustration is the lego version (Note that the scale is relative. The total number of infections in the vaccinated group is dramatically lower than the unvaccinated group)
The La Jolla Institute of Immunology is studying breakthrough infections and is currently enrolling volunteers, as noted in the news article.
lji.org/research/resea…

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More from @profshanecrotty

3 May
Outstanding new preprint studying immune memory after COVID-19 for 8 months, assessing memory T & B cells in addition to antibodies. High quality work from the Ahmed, McElrath, @SutharLab , and Wrammert labs! 🧵

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Beautiful application of a new power law approach to calculate the trajectory of decay of T & B cell memory as well as antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, which could be well applied here due to the longitudinal study design.
This is consistent with the idea that each immune memory types consists of multiple subcomponents, with some subpopulations having more duration that others.
Read 7 tweets
1 Apr
Fantastic COVID vaccine news from Pfizer today!
Protection for 6 months:
🔵 91% efficacy overall (850 to 77, placebo vs vaccine)
🔵 ~95-100% efficacy against severe disease
🔵 No safety concerns out to six months, with 44,000 people evaluated

Those are REALLY great numbers! 🧵
No safety concerns, with 12,000 subjects tracked for at least six months after the 2-doses!
44,000 subjects total

pfizer.com/news/press-rel…
For protection against severe COVID out to six months:
🔵 100% by one definition (CDC definition. 32 to 0, placebo vs vaccine)
🔵 95% by another definition (FDA definition. 21 to 1)

OUTSTANDING!
Read 6 tweets
25 Mar
My new MedCram interview in response to the heated discussion 🔥 between Senator Rand Paul and Dr. Tony Fauci in the Senate recently on immune memory and immunity to COVID.
With helpful bookmarks!
0:46​ Heated exchange between Dr. Fauci and Senator Rand Paul
1:00​ How long does immunity last for those who’ve had COVID-19?
3:31​ How antibody levels and T cells drop over time
4:03​ Dr. Fauci: Difference between in vitro and real-world studies
6:22​ Huge variability from person to person for post coronavirus immunity
8:20​ Policy decision: individual vs. community goals during a pandemic
10:12​ Should mask-wearing continue for those who’ve had COVID-19?
Read 6 tweets
22 Mar
It is good to see this AstraZeneca Oxford ChAdOx COVID vaccine efficacy clinical trial report in America. It will be more valuable to see the FDA filing documents when they are ready. Another COVID vaccine success! 🧵

hosted.ap.org/article/a73e71…
79% effective at preventing COVID cases. These results are quite similar to AZ COVID vaccine trial results in the UK (which took a long time to deconvolute).
While the AstraZeneca vaccine works, I don't see myself recommending it to anyone who has access to the Pfizer, Moderna, or J&J (1-dose) COVID vaccines. Almost all of the indications are the Pfizer and Moderna 2-dose RNA vaccines protect better (at least over several months).
Read 4 tweets
4 Mar
How much immunity do you need to stop COVID? And what about the variants?
Here's the way I am currently thinking about it. Please imagine these models written in crayon. They are not formal, just where my head is at. 🧵
Immunology is complicated, and scientifically proving all mechanisms of protection in humans is somewhere between hard and impossible. But not to say we know nothing. I summarized the scientific knowledge on immunity to SARS2 in this review last month.
doi.org/10.1016/j.cell…
What I have said for the past 20 years (in almost every scientific seminar I give) is: 

The best vaccine is one that elicits high concentrations of neutralizing antibodies and maintains those high amounts forever.
For any antibody neutralization sensitive pathogen.
Read 31 tweets
3 Mar
The speed of progress to update COVID vaccines is just incredible. Moderna shipped an updated B1351 (South Africa variant) RNA booster vaccine candidate to the American NIH Vaccine Research Center last week for immediate human Phase 1 clinical trial. 🧵

businesswire.com/news/home/2021…
The booster vaccination plan is reasonable, and such a variant booster vaccine could be available quite quickly with an immunogenicity and safety trial.
(/2)
The approach seems likely to elicit high amounts of crossprotective antibodies, based on recent reports of very high antibody responses after 1-dose COVID RNA vaccine immunization of people with previous COVID disease. And the T cell responses will be conserved and boosted.
(/3)
Read 16 tweets

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