Outstanding new preprint studying immune memory after COVID-19 for 8 months, assessing memory T & B cells in addition to antibodies. High quality work from the Ahmed, McElrath, @SutharLab , and Wrammert labs! 🧵
Beautiful application of a new power law approach to calculate the trajectory of decay of T & B cell memory as well as antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, which could be well applied here due to the longitudinal study design.
This is consistent with the idea that each immune memory types consists of multiple subcomponents, with some subpopulations having more duration that others.
Lots of findings consistent with what we reported (lots!), and reported by other groups, for memory B cells, memory CD4 T cells, memory CD8 T cells, and antibodies. science.sciencemag.org/content/371/65…
But now in this study with more rigorous longitudinal data and temporal modeling. And a whole lot of additional bits! 😀 An outstanding contribution by Julie McElrath and colleagues to the literature! 👏
Also, this is yet another paper observing stable antibody titers to common cold coronaviruses (hCovs) over time, indicating people do have long term memory to those coronaviruses. Something I (and others) have been suggesting for over a year to be likely.
The Crotty Lab journal club this week was from the Brink lab. Sundling et al.: “Positive selection of IgG+ over IgM+ B cells in the germinal center reaction”. 🧵 @ImmunityCP
Using various mouse models, the authors sought to understand the process by which IgG antibodies come to dominate mature antibody responses.
High-affinity IgG+ germinal center B cells are positively selected over high-affinity IgM+ germinal center (GC) B cells via a process based on antigen receptor constant regions
Oral SARS-CoV-2
I love this paper! Important demonstration of SARS2 infection in the mouth. And outstanding paper on oral biology and immunology relevant for viral infections. I learned so much! 🧵
I’ve had people tell me, ‘Oh, I got infected, so the vaccine didn’t work.’ No, that’s really an example of the opposite. You would have been so much more sick if the vaccine wasn't there to shield you. 🧵
"Vaccine trial data...showing that vaccines reduce your risk and severity of infection...people who might otherwise have died are surviving...people who would have gone to the hospital are recovering at home, and those who would have had mild symptoms aren’t having any."
These phenomena were wonderfully illustrated by @nataliexdean . My favorite version of the illustration is the lego version (Note that the scale is relative. The total number of infections in the vaccinated group is dramatically lower than the unvaccinated group)
Fantastic COVID vaccine news from Pfizer today!
Protection for 6 months:
🔵 91% efficacy overall (850 to 77, placebo vs vaccine)
🔵 ~95-100% efficacy against severe disease
🔵 No safety concerns out to six months, with 44,000 people evaluated
Those are REALLY great numbers! 🧵
No safety concerns, with 12,000 subjects tracked for at least six months after the 2-doses!
44,000 subjects total
For protection against severe COVID out to six months:
🔵 100% by one definition (CDC definition. 32 to 0, placebo vs vaccine)
🔵 95% by another definition (FDA definition. 21 to 1)
My new MedCram interview in response to the heated discussion 🔥 between Senator Rand Paul and Dr. Tony Fauci in the Senate recently on immune memory and immunity to COVID.
With helpful bookmarks!
0:46 Heated exchange between Dr. Fauci and Senator Rand Paul
1:00 How long does immunity last for those who’ve had COVID-19?
3:31 How antibody levels and T cells drop over time
4:03 Dr. Fauci: Difference between in vitro and real-world studies
6:22 Huge variability from person to person for post coronavirus immunity
8:20 Policy decision: individual vs. community goals during a pandemic
10:12 Should mask-wearing continue for those who’ve had COVID-19?
It is good to see this AstraZeneca Oxford ChAdOx COVID vaccine efficacy clinical trial report in America. It will be more valuable to see the FDA filing documents when they are ready. Another COVID vaccine success! 🧵
79% effective at preventing COVID cases. These results are quite similar to AZ COVID vaccine trial results in the UK (which took a long time to deconvolute).
While the AstraZeneca vaccine works, I don't see myself recommending it to anyone who has access to the Pfizer, Moderna, or J&J (1-dose) COVID vaccines. Almost all of the indications are the Pfizer and Moderna 2-dose RNA vaccines protect better (at least over several months).