Looking forward to the events organised by @LTEMBASSYUK and @PolishEmbassyUK today to celebrate the 230th anniversary of the Polish-Lithuanian constitution of 1791. So great was international interest that an English translation appeared in London soon after ratification 🇵🇱🇱🇹
Even though history overtook Poland-Lithuania and the constitution barely came into force for more than a few months, it's hard to overestimate the importance of Europe's first written constitution, which sought to rationalise a chaotic commonwealth rather than overthrow the past
The constitution of 3 May was indeed revolutionary in the sense that it was radical and forward-looking, but it represented a very different kind of revolution from the bloody convulsions that were then shaking France
Poland-Lithuania showed that far-reaching political reform and constitutional monarchy were possible without bloodshed and violent revolution; and although Poland-Lithuania was soon swallowed up by Russian autocracy, a torch had been lit that could not be put out
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One of the most remarkable stories in the history of European diplomacy is surely that of Vincas Balickas, a Lithuanian diplomat who arrived in London in 1938 - and ended up in post, without any chance of relief or retirement, for the next 53 years... 🇱🇹🇬🇧
In 1940, less than two years after Balickas arrived in London, his country was occupied by the USSR, but the UK permitted a Lithuanian legation to remain at 84 Gloucester Place and diplomats from the occupied Baltic states retained diplomatic status
As time went on, however, Balickas's Baltic diplomatic colleagues began to pass away, and by 1981 Balickas was the only remaining survivor of diplomats representing the pre-War Baltic republics, and the longest serving foreign representative to the Court of St James
Suffolk has an interesting and complex shrieval history. The Abbots of Bury St Edmunds exercised shrieval authority in medieval west Suffolk while Norfolk and Suffolk had a single sheriff - but he exercised authority only over Suffolk's 'geldable lands' - about 1/3 of the county
The geldable lands were what was left when you removed the Liberty of St Edmund (west Suffolk) and the Liberty of St Etheldreda (a large area around Woodbridge subject to the monastic priory of Ely)
(To further complicate matters, the Abbot of Bury also exercised shrieval jurisdiction in the town of Bury, but that was an entirely separate legal jurisdiction)
I get so excited about Epiphany. I know for many people it's just another day, but for me there's something so... well, MAGICAL about a feast that celebrates the vision quest of a fellowship of mysterious wizards
Epiphany was big in the household where I grew up because it's my sister's birthday, so we had our own traditions; my parents made three enormous cardboard kings (which had to be periodically replaced...) and put my sister's presents under them (with a token present for me!)
Coming down to the Three Kings on Epiphany morning was almost as exciting as waking up with stockings in the bed on Christmas morning, tbh
This is the 'Epiphany Crown' (a new one made in 2012, originally made in the early 1520s for Henry VIII), which bears figures of Edmund, Edward the Confessor and Henry VI as the Three Kings. Incredibly, the figure of Henry VI was recently discovered
The same parallelism with the Three Kings is going on in the Wilton Diptych - except here it is Edmund, Edward the Confessor and Richard II (the 'Epiphany King', born 6 January 1367) who are the Three Kings worshipping the Christ Child and his Mother en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilton_Di…
Epiphany was a time of immense importance in English royal ceremonial. Not only was it the culmination of Christmas festivities, it was a celebration of kingship - and one of the most common times for monarchs from Edward III to Anne to administer their miraculous touch
Today is the Feast of St Genevieve. The lost village of Fornham St Genevieve, Suffolk is marked only by the ruined church tower (a man shooting jackdaws in the tower set the building alight in 1775). The village has an interesting history as a refuge for Catholics
The village was part of the estate of the Catholic Kytson (and later Gage) family in the 17th century, and in the early c18th the Lancashire recusant John Tyldesley settled there and married Catherine Stafford, daughter of John Stafford, Catholic mayor of Bury under James II
The church originally contained some monuments to the Tyldesley family, one of whom became a Franciscan friar; the Catholic Stafford and Short families also held land in the village and there were Short memorials in the church, but the parish registers were destroyed in 1775