PAI-1 and the inhibition of breakdown of blood clots appears to be a major factor in atherosclerosis and is inversely related to insulin levels and long life.
It has nothing to do with cholesterol, and everything to do with insulin - and of course, blood clotting.
Metformin Prevents Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in the Mouse: Critical Role of PAI-1
Since metformin decreases glucose and insulin, and extends lifespan, all of this again implicates PAI-1 and blood clotting.
A few years ago my mother had a stroke and was in ICU. After discharge she went to a convalescent hospital for a few weeks.
The food there was appalling. Sugar and cheap carbs everywhere. Imagine oatmeal with maple syrup and a glass of OJ for breakfast.
So I requested a meeting with the lead dietitian. I told her that I wanted my mother to get bacon and eggs for breakfast, and none of that sugary stuff. Meat or eggs at every meal.
She looked at me like I was from Mars, but ultimately she complied.
Meanwhile, twice a day I brought my mother a whey protein drink I devised, giving her an extra 30-50 g/d protein, plus some NAC and magnesium and creatine.
My mother is still alive today at 99, and probably would not be if she continued eating hospital style.