Another simple diagram to understand CAR-T cell therapy
Another Diagram to understand CAR-T therapy
The first step in the production of CAR-T cells is the isolation of T cells from human blood. CAR-T cells may be manufactured either from the patient's own blood, known as an autologous treatment, or from the blood of a healthy donor, known as an allogeneic treatment.
First, leukocytes are isolated using a blood cell separator in a process known as leukocyte apheresis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are then separated and collected.The products of leukocyte apheresis are then transferred to a cell-processing center.
The products of leukocyte apheresis are then transferred to a cell-processing center. In the cell processing center, specific T cells are stimulated so that they will actively proliferate and expand to large numbers.
The expanded T cells are purified and then transduced with a gene encoding the engineered CAR via a retroviral vector, typically either an integrating gammaretrovirus (RV) or a lentiviral (LV) vector.
T cells are genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors specifically directed toward antigens on a patient's tumor cells, then infused into the patient where they attack and kill the cancer cells.
FDA approved CART therapy
CAR-T therapy - concall of Dr Reddys
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What is Biotechnology( i am trying to keep it very simple)
•Biotechnology is the study and manipulation of living things or their component molecules, cells, tissues, or organs for the benefit of humans (or other animals).
Example -
1Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology
2Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
3Cloning
4Fermentation
5The creation of
(a)Insulin to treat diabetes
(b)Proteases (enzymes used to remove stains from clothing)
(C)Antibodies (for recognizing and fighting certain diseases
(D)Selective Breeding (dog breeds, flowers, fruits)
(E)Pharmaceutical drugs
•Cellular manipulation products (growing human ears on mice
just see how Biotechnology produces Hepatitis B vaccine
Pesticides have two main components, namely, the active ingredient(s) and the inert ingredient(s). The active ingredient is the one that gives a pesticide its pesticidal action and is called the technical
grade of a pesticide.
A pesticide is rarely
applied in its pure form. It is usually
formulated by adding inert ingredients
that improve storage, handling, application, effectiveness or safety. The inert
ingredient does not have any pesticidal
action.
Pesticides are first manufactured
as technical grade product, which has
85% or more of the active chemical
ingredients. The active ingredients are
then mixed with inert ingredients (solvents, adjuvant and fillers) to achieve
Prakash pipes 1- MCAP of around 300 Cr with net debt free 2- it’s having two segments PVC pipes and flexible packaging 3- Demerged from Prakash industries so no long term data available 4- flexible packaging division is 3 yrs old only and few q back it became EBITDA positiv
5- PVC pipes and fittings segment- total capacity is 60000 MTPA and by 2022 capacity will be enhanced to 65000 MTPA
6 - Flexible packaging division capacity is 14400 MTPA which will be enhanced to 19200 MTPA by 2022 7- Recently entered in high growth segment of CPVC pipes
8- Good ROE and ROCE
9- CPVC segment is having better margins and CPVC segment is more organised ( 80% organised players ) then PVC pipes ( 50% market share of organised players)so margins will be better with commencement of this segments ( right now OPM 12-16%)