Let’s start with why do prosumer cameras still report these numbers. Your theory is because they are still useful in photography. That’s good, but I have an alternative theory.
My theory is because it’s an anachronism. The things those numbers represent are actually no longer meaningful. But, as you say, photographers have been trained on them. So, they come to expect them.
(1) what data is made visible to the users (and why you're wrong about this 😀) and (2) the flexibility of the tool (and why that's not relevant to this discussion)
I believe your notion that professional users (whatever that is) have more need for raw data than "you or I" is not correct.
Let's take pro photographers. The camera reveals all sorts of settings, most of which are anachronistic and where there's many complex interdependencies.
(For example, adjusting the ISO changes requires changes to both the shutter speed and the f-stop to get a similar image.)
As computational power has increased in the cameras, the need to know these numbers has vastly decreased.