Gladstone on the Irish Nationalist leader, Charles Stewart Parnell: "the most remarkable man I ever met".

Quite a compliment from a man whose acquaintance included the Duke of Wellington, Sir Robert Peel, Benjamin Disraeli, Cavour, Garibaldi, Charles Darwin, Tennyson & JS Mill.
Gladstone's daughter, Mary Drew, was distraught when Parnell's relationship with a married woman was exposed in court. Home Rule had become a holy cause, unfit to be touched by "soiled hands".
Gladstone wanted Parnell to retire from public life altogether once the affair was exposed - so that he could return a few years later. "There ought to have been a death, but there would have been a resurrection". (An extraordinary comparison for a man of Gladstone's faith).
For Gladstone, Home Rule became inevitable once the Irish electorate returned Home Rulers in 85 out of 103 constituencies. And he made a striking analogy with Scotland. Home Rule & independence are not the same, but there are so many comparisons with more recent debates.

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More from @redhistorian

16 Jun
Chart of the day from @EdConwaySky. A reminder that UK trade with Australia & NZ was falling vertiginously in the 20 years *before* the UK joined the EEC. European integration was more a *response* to the decline of imperial trade patterns than their cause news.sky.com/story/why-the-… Image
The belief that Britain could rebuild its economy on the basis of Commonwealth trade was partly why it didn't join the EEC at the start. But that hope had withered long before Britain applied for entry, as Commonwealth markets diversified, sterling weakened &Eur economies revived Image
By 1975, Commonwealth govts were keener on using the UK as an entry point to the EEC market than on restoring old preferences. Australia's Gough Whitlam urged GB not to "lapse into the position of Spain", with "a mighty empire in the past & a peripheral influence for the future". Image
Read 4 tweets
14 Jun
Downing Street is spinning that it wanted to talk to "the people", not to "Parliament". But there is only one institution in the UK that "the people" actually elect. A government that locks Parliament out of decision-making is denying "the people" their democratic rights.
Under the UK system, a govt with a majority can expect to dominate the Commons. But this govt consistently goes further: on Covid, Brexit and international aid it has repeatedly tried to exclude Parliament from decision-making altogether. That has serious democratic implications.
At the 2019 Election 285 constituencies elected MPs from Opposition parties. Those MPs - and, indeed, rebel Tories - have democratic mandates too. They can legitimately be outvoted. But they can not legitimately be denied the chance to vote at all, or to hold ministers to account
Read 4 tweets
7 Jun
On this day in 1886, the House of Commons rejected Gladstone's first great Home Rule Bill, which would have restored an Irish Parliament and government in Dublin.

Years later George V told his prime minister, "What fools we were not to have accepted Gladstone's Home Rule Bill".
"We have arrived at a stage", Gladstone warned, "where two roads part, one from the other". One led to tyranny & war; the other to partnership & self-govt. That became a stock Home Rule image, with Gladstone offering the olive branch of peace & the Tories the manacles of coercion
Home Rule shattered the Liberal Party, creating a new "Liberal Unionist" movt. John Bright declared that "Home Rule means Rome Rule", while Joe Chamberlain warned of "a new foreign country less than 30 miles from our shores, animated with unfriendly intentions towards ourselves".
Read 6 tweets
23 May
Since it's currently open season on the BBC, it's worth contrasting Priti Patel's remarks with her own government's Integrated Review of Security & Foreign Policy - which has some rather different things to say about the BBC & other institutions under ministerial attack. [THREAD]
2. The Integrated Review describes the BBC (twice) as "the most trusted broadcaster in the world". Its global reach is cited, proudly, as evidence that Britain is a "soft-power superpower", with its "independent" journalism making the UK a champion of "press and media freedom".
3. All that sits a little uneasily with a govt that was boycotting the BBC's main news outlets when the pandemic began, that's cut funding for the World Service & repeatedly accuses the BBC of left-wing bias. But that's one of many paradoxes in the Review. theguardian.com/media/2019/dec…
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11 May
"In a democracy, the most fundamental of all rights is the right to vote. It is the foundation on which all our liberties depend. Yet for millions of people, compulsory voter ID will make that harder"

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More than 3 million UK voters have no official photographic ID. Nearly 11 million have neither a passport nor a driver's licence. Those voters now face new barriers to the ballot box, to tackle a problem for which there is precious little evidence.
In-person voter fraud is not just rare: it would be almost impossible to organise on a large scale. And we would know it was happening, from the number of voters arriving at the polling station to find that their vote had already been cast.
Read 6 tweets
6 May
The introduction of the penny post was a major step on the road to democracy, won from government "by the clamour of a nation". As a radical newspaper put it: "The landlords were caught napping when they allowed Rowland Hill to steal a march upon them". [1/5]
Within 10 years, the Royal Mail was carrying 347 million letters a year. Pamphlets & fliers could be sent out at a fraction of the previous cost, transforming the prospects of groups like the Anti-Corn Law League. "The penny postage will repeal the corn laws!", Cobden predicted.
Cheap postage could also be used for advertising, with adhesive "wafers" or stickers bearing political or religious slogans. Millions of envelopes carried slogans from the Anti-Corn Law League, the Peace Society and the anti-slavery movement.
Read 5 tweets

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