A patient presents with 7 days of dyspnea, LE edema and fatigue. They have run out of all meds 2 weeks ago #COVID. They had an MI with ishcemic cardiomyopathy EF ~30%, also has a-fib.
Mild confusion
JVD+
Mild resp distress, crackles BL
No murmur
Hands, legs COLD and mottled to knees, toes and fingers purple, cap refill delayed
Pitting LE edema
The Berlin criteria: Acute onset within one-week, bilateral opacities on CXR not explained by cardiogenic pulmonary edema, pleural effusion etc. and a PaO2/FiO2 ratio of <300 mm Hg with PEEP 5 cm H2O.
More simply in the ED or acute setting I consider anyone with bilateral infiltrates + inflammation (sepsis, pneumonia, trauma etc) + hypoxemia to be at risk for ARDS and if intubated manage them with lung protective ventilation. 3/
The problem is bronchospasm and secretions narrow the airways and lead to obstruction, limitations in exhalation and high airway resistance.
On the vent, this is seen as a high peak pressure (high resistance) and a prolonged expiratory flow or incomplete exhalation. 2/
The high peak pressure isnβt really a problem unless the plateau (obtained by an end insp hold) is also high. The delicate alveoli only feel the plateau pressure. Best to keep the plateau pressure < 30 cm H20 by minimizing auto-PEEP as the auto-PEEP contributes to plat press 3/