Diet of 45-40-15%en fat-carbs-protein for 7 days + crossover of two PUFA:SFA ratios (P:S):
- low P:S = 0.24, PUFA 5%en
- high P:S = 1.65, PUFA 17%en
2/9
Higher carb vs. fat utilization on higher PUFA diet:
"These differences indicate a shift toward greater carbohydrate and lower fat utilization following an overnight fast in
subjects on the high compared to the low P:S ratio diet."
3/9
Cumulative thermogenic effect of food (TEF):
- low P:S ➡️ fat utilization rises little, TEF comes mostly from carbs
- high P:S ➡️ fat utilization rises ~50%, TEF contribution from fat and carbs is roughly similar
4/9
"In human fed 13C labeled fatty acids mixed with breakfast meal, nine-hour cumulative CO2 in breath from absorbed LA (10.2%) was greater than from absorbed SA (2.9%)[8]. After 24 hours, while CO2 production from LA was no longer measurable, that from SA was 0.5%/h."
5/9
"These findings indicate that PUFA are more rapidly diverted to use as energy substrates after consumption than are SFA; yet, following an overnight fast, their oxidation rate diminishes to a level below that of SFA."
6/9
"In addition, PUFA are diverted into pathways of ketone body production more readily than are SFA in rat liver [26]. Finally, in rat liver slices incubated with LA and PA at identical levels, LA was preferentially β-oxidized whereas PA was diverted to TAG synthesis. [27]"
7/9
"Of interest, however, is that similar trends in postprandial fat and carbohydrate oxidation on each diet were observed on day 1 and day 7, suggesting that fat type exerts an acute effect on energy substrate metabolism."
8/9
"As turnover rates of adipose lipids are in the order of several months [28], the data suggest that a change in fasting RQ, concurrent with altered postprandial substrate utilization pattern associated with TEF, is not due to large alterations in total body FA composition."
9/9
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"Matrix within cells, the cytoskeleton, and that which surrounds cells, the extracellular matrix (ECM), are connected to one another through a number of receptors including those in primary cilia, serving as an important chemical and physical signaling system."
2/11
"Mechanical forces generated through the matrix play a critical role in determining the form and function of tissues (Hughes et al., 2018)."
"UVB and H2O2 induced G2A expression and caused oxidation of linoleate to produce 9-HODE in HaCaT cells. [This] suggests that 9-HODE-G2A signaling plays proinflammatory roles in skin under oxidative conditions."
G2A Plays Proinflammatory Roles in Human Keratinocytes under Oxidative Stress as a Receptor for 9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic Acid