I & others quoted in this LA Times article about the effectiveness of the vaccines against the delta variant (and LA & masks): Dr. Fauci "“If you are vaccinated, you have a high degree of protection — so you need not wear a mask, either indoor or outdoor"
latimes.com/california/sto…
Dr. Ghaly: "The data is clear: Nearly all new COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths are preventable. The vaccines work and they protect us,” Me: "The rise in coronavirus cases in Israel may reflect the healthcare system there still testing...
vaccinated people for coronavirus infection, even if they have no symptoms.". If no symptoms & low viral load in nose (like 5 studies have shown us now), " I don’t call that a vaccine failure. I call that a success, because that’s exactly what your vaccine is supposed to do.
"It’s fighting the infection in your nose and bringing down the viral load, and you don’t get symptoms,” But in India during 2nd wave, "“If you’re surrounded by a lot of virus, like you would encounter when community transmission was high, vaccinated more likely to get a
‘breakthrough’ infection,” I say. Context everything at this point. With high rates of vax/immunity like in US, delta mainly limited to unvax'd & not circulating as high inoculum. WHO (11% of world fully vax's) has to give different recommendations than high vax places. Context
And if you test asymptomatic after vax more with surge testing, whatever variant is more fit (delta) will be one in nose like in this UK article (still calling it "India variant" (bbc.com/news/uk-englan…); critical to incorporate CT value to call "case"
Heard rumor @CAPublicHealth may follow LA County. My concern is that illness with delta occurring in unvax'd adults (children don't seem at increased risk); want to encourage vax. Telling unvax'd masks are needed with delta tells them vax doesn't work
washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/0…
Moreover, concerned about impact on school openings if we essentially say all vaccines (including J&J which covered earlier) don't work to protect you & others. Why do we know vaccines reduce transmission? Many studies at this point show it but always had biological plausibility:
Many studies at this point show asymptomatic infection reduced massively by vaccines, which is how you transmit without knowing
Then study after study showing CT values of the PCR tests low if do swab noses of asymptomatic infection after vaccines and even if there is a mild breakthrough infection with cold like symptoms, 40% less viral load there
nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…
Then if you swab asymptomatic individuals after vaccination (like UK does and continues to do), CT values high. CT means cycle threshold. PCR machine has to go through many cycles if CT high to trigger machine as +, meaning viral load low, not infectious
sciencemag.org/news/2020/09/o…
Largest study to show: UK does much screening of vax'd. In SIREN study, 88% reduction in having virus in nose if exposed after vax where CT >30. That value is cut-off of when likely to spread it. So if asymptomatic, not likely to transmit- is that a case?
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Suggest CA follow hospitalizations closely now as severe disease uncoupling from cases. Moreover, if cases of delta occurring in unvaccinated pockets, would encourage vax among unvax'd with motivating messages (CDC mask guidance encouraged vaccinations)
time.com/6051290/cdc-va…

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More from @MonicaGandhi9

3 Jul
J&J VACCINE AND VARIANTS: Wanted to go over paper from yesterday. 19 million worldwide have received 1 dose J&J (including health care workers S. Africa as condition of trial who are seeing a lot of virus right now with high rates community transmission)
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
Remember about J&J which is that - in its phase I/II clinical trial, antibody and CD4/CD8 (T cell) responses increased over time. Not that high at 2 weeks (which may account for lesser effectiveness in ENSEMBLE trial when looking at that time point)
nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…
Immune response increased over time out to 59 days when phase I/II stopped reporting. So, this study took participants from ENSEMBLE who had received 1 dose J&J (n=8, 47-91 years, 71 days after shot) and exposed their blood (test tube) to variants (alpha, beta, gamma, delta).
Read 7 tweets
2 Jul
"The Delta variant, which is now responsible for most coronavirus infections in England, is not driving a surge in the rate of hospitalizations there, according to data released by Public Health England on Thursday."
nytimes.com/2021/07/01/hea…
"The data suggest that countries with high vaccination rates are unlikely to see major surges in hospitalization rates from Delta. Nearly 75% of adults in England — including 95 % of those 80 or older — have had at least one shot, according to the agency’s numbers."
Here is the direct link to the PHE report discussed by the NYT today
assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/upl…
Read 4 tweets
1 Jul
White House task force briefing from Jeff Zients, Dr. Fauci and Dr. Walensky with questions about delta variant. Great briefing with bottom line:
1) Vaccines work against delta, both adenovirus/DNA and mRNA vax, 88% against symptomatic infection, 96%
against severe disease with Pfizer (Scotland data); 92% with AZ 2 doses
2) J&J neutralizing Abs under study with delta, but no reason to suspect doesn't work (like AZ) and no need for mRNA booster after J&J without data
3) When WHO makes recs on masking for world, reflects 10.7%
of population being vax'd, not 67% 1st vax rate by July 4 which has been achieved in US
4) Country doing well with outbreaks of delta in unvaccinated counties; CDC will deploy surge teams for testing, treatment, vaccination
5) Vaccines safe & effective 3 billion doses given out
Read 6 tweets
1 Jul
NIH-sponsored study similar to SIREN in UK where HCW, workers were swabbed weekly (!) Dec 14, 2020-April 10, 2021. Even with circulating virus, 81% vaccine effectiveness with 1 dose; 91% with 2 doses, even asymptomatic infection. Only 5 breakthrough
nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NE…
infections in 3975 participants after full vaccination; only 11 breakthroughs after 1 dose. All milder infection breakthroughs than COVID infections in nonvaccinated. Importantly, CT values were higher in those breakthrough infections in vax'd (40% lower viral load).
Kind of reminds you of the other many many studies that show massive reductions in asymptomatic infections after vaccines, right? And there are also other studies that show low viral loads if do get breakthrough so hard to transmit
Read 4 tweets
30 Jun
Thanks, want you to have these slides and papers if these help, everyone
Here is another slide with references
3rd slide- top paper on T cells is from NIAID/NIH!
Read 4 tweets
29 Jun
DO I NEED AN mRNA VACCINE BOOSTER AFTER A J&J SHOT? The answer to this is that no one knows, actually. Humility in COVID means we change our recommendations with changing data. And I also think there is no harm. But I don't see how the data indicates this yet.
Remember that J&J and mRNA vaccines actually not that different - J&J has DNA inside an adenovirus "vector" (that brings it in) and mRNA vaccines have mRNA inside a lipid envelope. The DNA from J&J gets "transcribed" into mRNA and that is the same mRNA in mRNA vax.
That mRNA is then "translated" into a part of the spike protein by your machinery and you see that spike protein, think it's different, and raise a vigorous immune response against it (antibodies; now we know memory B cells; memory T cells). Some vaccines need repeated boosters
Read 11 tweets

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