1) Around the year 1640, an unknown antiquary was visiting some of the historic sites around London - in his own words "intending to notice the fast ruining places and things that have been passed by or little mentiond" by historians..
2) As part of his survey he visited The Tabard, a famous Southwark inn established in 1307 that stood on the east side of Borough High Street, at the ancient intersection of the two Roman roads of Stane Street and Watling Street..
3) The Tabard was a raucous inn, celebrated for its literary links and quill-twiddling patrons; most famously being the inn where the pilgrims gathered at the beginning of Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales written over two centuries earlier..
4) Inside the coaching inn our antiquary was intrigued to see that many of the notable patrons had graffitied their names in the pub's walls over the decades. He made sure to add the details of one rowdy group to his notes...
5) "The Tabard I find to have been the resort of Mastere Will Shakspear, Sir Sander Duncombe, Lawrence Fletcher, Richard Burbage, Ben Jonson and the rest of their roystering associates in King Jameses time as in the large room they have cut their names on the Pannels."
6) Despite surviving the great fire of 1666, The Tabard and its walls with carved signatures of Shakespeare and his literary drinking-friends, burned down on 26 May 1676 in a fire that destroyed most of medieval Southwark.
7) The remarkable reference to Shakespeare and his "roystering associates" at The Tabard lay undiscovered until 2012, when it was spotted by Professor Martha Carlin as she browsed twenty-seven unresearched pages of antiquarian notes in Edinburgh University. (END)
A short interview with Martha Carlin about her discovery of the reference to Shakespeare at The Tabard can be enjoyed here: folger.edu/shakespeare-un…
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1) A Roman grave memorial with a dark secret: this funerary altar was intended as a loving dedication to a child by grieving parents ..but later became a cursed testament of bitterness and betrayal. On the surface, it appears a finely carved but largely normal Roman gravestone...
2) The memorial is dedicated to the young Junia Procula, whose death has left her parents "wretched with grief". With an exactness that shows their love, it states she lived "eight years, eleven months and five days"..
3) 8-year-old Junia is shown in an affectionate portrait above, with ornately curled hair fashionable in the late 1st century; her image placed prominently in the panel usually reserved for the inscription - clearly a beloved child. But looking closer we see something is amiss..
1) A Roman centurion and a Roman auxiliary cavalryman who both lived at a remarkable intersection in history; taking part in the Roman invasion of Britannia in 43 AD, they fought and died in the conquest of a wild and mysterious land at the edge of their world..
2) Marcus Favonius Facilis was a centurion (commanding a unit of around 80 men) in the Twentieth Legion, who came to Britain as part of Claudius’ initial invasion force. He died a few years after the invasion while still in service, but we are not told his age or cause or death..
3) In a wonderfully preserved depiction, Marcus is shown in his centurion's uniform, wearing a cuirass and ornate belt over the leather 'pteruges' kilt worn by officers. In his right hand he holds his centurion’s stick (vitis), and in his left he holds the pommel of his gladius..
1) For many in the ancient world, life was a daily battle against hardship and hunger. Grinding poverty might even force people to give away their children, however much they loved them, as we see in this gut-wrenching document of relinquishment....
2) "Declaration by Aurelia Herais: my husband died and I was left by him to toil and suffer for my daughter, to provide her with the barest necessities in life. And now I no longer have the means to feed her. She is about nine years old...
3) ..I have therefore requested that you receive her from me as your daughter, so you may provide her with life's necessities and fill the position of parents to her. And I acknowledge that I have no power henceforth to reclaim her from you..
1) The delightful Colchester Roman Circus mosaic, a modern mosaic designed by archaeological artist Peter Froste, taking inspiration from a famous chariot racing mosaic in Lyon. The mosaic shows the excitement of a race at Colchester's ancient circus which was discovered in 2005.
2) Chariot racing was extremely dangerous and the life expectancy of a charioteer was short. Here one of the racers crashes out with a broken wheel - such crashes were called 'naufragia' (shipwrecks) by the fanatical crowds, crying out "naufragium!" at the sight of an accident.
3) On the central barrier (spina) of the circus we can see the seven laps of the race being counted with large sculpted eggs; circus spinae were ornamented with water features, columns and sculptures, here Cybele, the Great Mother of the gods, is mounted on a lion.
1) The Colchester Mercury - probably the finest ancient bronze statue to have survived from Roman Britain. The statue was unearthed by a ploughman in December 1947, near a known Roman temple just southwest of Colchester (Roman Camulodunum)
2) The discovery of the remarkable statue suggests the Roman temple, which now lies in Gosbecks Archaeological Park, may have been dedicated to Mercury - god of travellers and merchants. The temple stood beside the road from Camulodunum to Londinium..
3) ..supporting a dedication to Mercury; both towns were hugely important in the administration of Britannia and trade with the wider empire. Here Romans would have made offerings of thanks or requests for safe travel as they departed or arrived at the ancient city.
1) A pilgrimage to Flatford Mill in Suffolk, where John Constable (1776-1837) painted some of his most famous landscapes. Here some of his paintings with the corresponding view today, first up: “Boat-Building near Flatford Mill” (1815)