Tamra Maew (The Treatise of Cats) is an illustrated Thai manuscript that consists of "auspicious" cat types (possibly serves as breeding standard). Each cat picture is accompanied by a poetic verse that describes its characteristics.
The Treatise of Cats is believed to be originated from the Ayutthaya period, but the most extant specimens came from the 19th Century. It is a class of samut khoi, a folding book manuscript widely used in many Buddhist cultures.
Below are examples of the verses in English. 2/10
Ninlarat ("Dark Sapphire")
"As the name, the breed. Dark Sapphire,
Perfect shiny black form,
Teeth, eyes, claws, tongue, black as the body,
And a tapering tail to the end, running back to touch the head." 3/10
Suphalak ("Excellence") or Thong Daeng ("Copper")
"Of appearance superb, a graceful feline.
Color of copper glinting,
Eyes lit like shining rays
Against all evil, malevolence turns to content." 4/10
Krajork ("Sparrow")
"With the name Sparrow, a nice round frame.
Black body, the shaded background.
White fur, like clouds, floats around the mouth.
Eyes a mix of fresh colors, like gamboge pigment." 5/10
Wichien Maas ("Moon Diamond")
"Upper mouth, tail, four paws, and two ears,
Eight points of pure black, as stated.
Eye color shines bronze-gray,
The name Moon Diamond for the white fur." 6/10
Singha Sep ("Lion")
"The Lion is a black-bodied breed.
White around the mouth, around
The neck’s conch-shell mane, and on nose tip.
Gamboge eyes, drops of water fading in light." 7/10
Maaleht ("Flower")
"Grace of the flower, its body evenly colored,
Fur like the lao flower, smooth.
Fur roots a cloudy gray, off-white
Eyes, like dewdrops on a lotus." 8/10
Ninlajak ("Sapphire Circle")
"The name Sapphire Circle bespeaks grace.
Body to crows’ wings truly compares,
White around the neck, and
can live in any country; this cat one should look after." 9/10
Krorp Waen ("Spectacle Frame") or Aan Maa ("Horse Saddle")
"Spectacle Frame is the name. White as cliffs,
Black fur around the eyes, as if dyed.
On the back, like a horse’s saddle,
A beautiful inky circle. Found in any country." 10/10
Translation by: Martin Clutterbuck
Scans by: Dr. Julia Craig-McFeely.
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Serat Ngalamating Kucing is a Javanese manuscript from Yogyakarta that consists of verses depicting different types of cats. Each verse depicts a unique type of cat and its traits, written in the form of "tembang", poetic lines that can be sung. A thread for #FolkloreThursday
For example, a verse about a cat called "wulan krahingan" (daylight moon) depicts a black cat with white belly spot, preferably on the left and with short tail. This type of cat is believed to bring luck and grant wishes.
Another type of cat called "pujanggana mengku" (a poet's cradle) has white coat except for a black spot on its head. This cat is said to symbolize good virtues and integrity, a reminder for the owner to match the cat's quality with their attitude.
R. A. Kartini designed this teakwood jewelry box as a wedding gift for Mary Fortuyn Drooglever and Geldoph Adriaan Abendanon (the Javanese letters on the lid are spelled "Ma-Ri").
📷: Feri Latief at Museum R. A. Kartini Rembang, Central Java
Rumah Kartini studied Kartini's letters to Rosa Manuel Abendanon-Mandri to uncover the true nature of the box, which had been called "Kartini's sewing kit box" before. The box is adorned with wayang characters on the surface and inside of the lid, complete with satin interior.
The characters that adorn the lid might be Kangsadewa and Kakrasana. Meanwhile, the characters on the inner part of the lid might be Srikandi and Sembadra. The lid also has small cloud patterns as "frame", perhaps showing the Chinese art influence.
Really enjoy reading the exchange of letters between Tolkien and his son, Christopher, during the latter's time in South Africa to train as a pilot. They discussed the progress of LotR writing in each letter, but their talks also expanded to so many topics.
Letter 61, for example, dated 18 April 1944, started with Tolkien saying that Christopher's letters made him so happy, he delayed breakfast just to read them all. He also decried "the stupidity of war" and wished that Christopher didn't follow his path.
After talking about the passage into the Dead Marshes, Tolkien decried the treatment of people of color in South Africa, referring to local conditions Christopher had described. Apparently, Tolkien's mother had discussed it several times.
Without Christopher Tolkien (21 November 1926 - 16 January 2020), the world of Tolkien studies and our understanding of his vast expanse of imagination would not have been like now. So bear with my thread for a while.
📷: Dakin Andone
1. Christopher was Tolkien's number one fan, the one most understand his father's work after Tolkien himself. Starting from listening to tales of Bilbo Baggins as a kid, he assisted Tolkien in drawing maps and giving feedback during the 15-year gestation of Lord of the Rings.
2. He briefly served in Royal Air Force, but it didn't stop his contribution to Tolkien's writing in LOTR, since his father kept sending him parts of LOTR manuscripts. In 1945, he joined The Inklings literary club following Tolkien, where he read parts of LOTR manuscripts.