@AncientDays1 post on the Wanderer got me in the mood to talk about a book I've really enjoyed about the Anglo-Saxon invasion of England, Jim Storr's King Arthur's Wars.
Jim Storr presents an analysis of the British countryside from the eyes of a former infantry officer, finding earthen fortifications long forgotten from the early Anglo-Saxon invasions. Combining expertise in topography as well as linguistics he makes some interesting conclusions
A large part of the book concerns the West Saxons and their origins. Starting with the fact that Cerdic's name is of British Origin, and posits that while the South Saxons are a pretty clear example of migrant rebellion, the West Saxon origin seems to lie in civil war/ rebellion.
I will briefly interject a little bit of my own explanation of Cerdic himself. Cerdic seems to be the semi-historical (in my opinion historical) progenitor of the house of Wessex. The English monarchy today can still trace it's lineage back to him.
Cerdic is not a Saxon name. Cerdic seems to derive from the Brythonic Ceretic. His son Cynric's name seems to be similar to the Irish Cunorix, and many later rulers of Wessex have Brythonic names as well, Caedwalla, Ceawlin, Cedda.
This doesn't mean that Cerdic and his descendants we not Saxons, but that they may have been partially British in ancestry or British by birth and later adopted Saxon culture or even acted as a "Stranger King" and slowly assimilated into the larger West Saxon culture around them.
Back to the book. Through the book he makes a case for a shift of the theater of war from the south coast to the upper Thames, following earthen fortifications along the way. All the while making the case that Cerdic was a Cymric leader tasked with keeping the Saxons at bay.
From there he explains his reasoning that Cerdic rebelled against his Cymric authority (The historical Arthur perhaps? later thread on that) and proceeded to "dig in" with a northern facing earthwork between the upper Meon and Itchen Rivers against the inevitable reprisals.
This Earthwork, originally 12 feet high with a ditch on the north facing side is now only 6 feet high in a few sparse places. This is one of the many earthworks Storr touches on in the book.
Some complaints I have seen are that this book doesn't actually discuss much of King Arthur at all, besides the general time period, but that's the point.
Arthur is a hard person to pin down historically with there being some 10-15 serious contenders for the "true Arthur" or Arthur of the Battle of Baden as I like to refer to him.
Even so it touches on fortifications that Arthur (in any form he may have existed) Would have used as well as fought against, especially against the early West Saxons. Storr does reach an interesting conclusion that has been posited before.
That Cerdic, is in fact the betrayer Mordred (Medraut) of legend. There are interesting parallels and I think that Storr makes a good case for it, though it relies heavily on Mordred being an epithet meaning Moderated or "Wise Council" which is possible through Latin Moderatus
Overall it is an enjoyable although as I can understand from some folks taxing read as it's more about geography than military matter.
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Following is my series of threads on the figure I believe is the inspiration for King Arthur. I may add on to this if I feel like I want to expand upon a specific topic at any point.
In my conclusion to my historical Arthur threads I will put forward my "Arthur of Badon". Was he a warlord of southern Wales? Was he a prince of Powys? Or maybe a son of Yr Hen Ogledd? @Paracelsus1092 @AncientDays1 @0starkafterdark
1. Here are some hard facts we know. There are no references directly to Arthur from the period of his life, excluding the reference to "The Bear" (Welsh Arth) by Gildas. The Artognou stone found at Tintagel is contemporary to him.
2. A commander at Hadrian's wall was named Lucius Artorius Castus. Gildas mentions Badon taking place around the year of his birth (as mentioned earlier anywhere between 490-510 roughly). Nennius and The Welsh Annals depict Arthur as the victor of Badon.
@Paracelsus1092 @AncientDays1 @0starkafterdark
So far we have outlined some historical candidates for Arthur who probably contributed to the composite Arthur, but not contemporaries to the Battle of Badon, who could be our Arthur of Badon.
Primer and Premise for this series for any that haven’t read it.
1. Owain Ddantgwyn - Often put forward as Arthur. Contemporary with Badon, only real link is he is the father of the Cuneglasus of Gildas' laments. Gildas describe Cuneglasus as "You bear, you rider and ruler of many, and guider of the chariot which is the receptacle of the bear"
Historical Arthur Candidates PT. 1
In our first installment we outline potential inspirations for King Arthur that might not be in the right time or place. This is by no means an exhaustive list, but ten candidates I find the interesting. There is no particular order here.
1. Magnus Maximus (Macsen Wledig) - Negotiated with Theodosius I to usurp Emperor Gratian. Magnus supposedly married a british woman, Saint Elen or Helen (not to be confused with St. Helena, mother of Constantine The Great). Many Medieval Welsh Kings traced their ancestry to him.
Magnus’ european campaigns may have been the inspiration for the stories of Arthur’s Roman Campaign.
@AncientDays1@Paracelsus1092 1. King Arthur is often put forward as a purely legendary figure or a completely composite figure these days. I do believe he is as we know it a composite figure, but there is there a single person at the core that inspired this legend?
2. First we have to get a rough idea of when this figure would have lived and I think the place to start is Arthur's two most well known battles, The Battle of Badon (Baden Hill, Mons Badonicus, Badonici Montis, Mynydd Baddon) and The Battle of Camlann in which Arthur falls.
3. Using primary sources from the period is sometimes a daunting task when it come to dates. When we see a date like 500 A.D. we think of the actual year 500 A.D. as we know it, but at the time of say Gildas the year 500 may have meant 500 years from Christ's birth or 500 years