🧵 Is it enough?

"We did ventilation school assessment, we bought 2 air purifiers for each room for $40 million" "we conclude, it is safe to return."

A lot of time and money was spent. The school ventilation assessment is a great starting point, but what was the outcome?
Ventilation assessment reports can be found here: survey.nycsca.org/files/

I looked at many classrooms. Similar findings. Most do not have outside air and problems with exhaust fans of bathrooms (unless I am missing something - no reports it was fixed?).
Most schools have windows that can be open but windows are not a reliable method to get you a specific air change rate. For more information about ventilation:

Because mechanical ventilation is not available, a good option is to add air purifiers.
What do we need?
Here are minimum purifiers specifications:
- Low noise
- Enough airflow to get >4 ACH (case of no OA/filters).
- Cost effective

Check tables below:
For a 900 ft2 classroom, 9 feet ceiling height.
-CADR 540 to get 4 ACH
(can be multiple air cleaners)
What air purifiers were purchased?
2 air purifiers (each with CADR of 129 CFM)--->
Total CADR = 258 CFM or ~2 ACH


The air purifiers purchased were not cost effective and noisy (this is subjective), noise level = 60 db .
Although a lot of effort was done, many classrooms will only have 2 ACH.

2 ACH is below the mark ⬇️

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More from @marwa_zaatari

25 Aug
🧵 Answers to what the different strategies will result in term of air change rate

Example used throughout the thread:
👉Classroom: 960 ft2: 30' x 32’
👉Number of occupants: 30 (this is the design number, taking into account average classroom density).
Ventilation by code, this classroom should have 415 CFM airflow of outside air or 14 CFM/person.

👉This airflow is being forced through the HVAC system (unit in classroom or mechanical room).
When we check ventilation, the answer is not “yes” or “no”, the answer should be how much?
Read 9 tweets
23 Aug
📢📢📢 Updated Air Cleaner Chart:

I added the DIY CR box as optimized by @DavidElfstrom.

Look at this beauty!! @kprather88 @JimRosenthal4
It is the most cost effective purifier on the chart.

See below 🧵 comparison to intellipure(tm) /Blueair (tm)/needle point bp ionization Image
How it compares to Intellipure?
DIY CR/DE Box is 9 times cheaper and 2 times more effective and less noisy than Intellipure! @Mssarahmssarah Image
How it compares to Blue air?
DIY CR/DE Box is ~5 times cheaper and 1.55 times more effective than Blue Air 211+ @smartrestartaps Image
Read 4 tweets
17 Aug
🧵Following-up: I did incognito testing at a famous casino last Aug. On my there, I felt uneasy - casinos were open and schools were closed.

However, this experience opened my eyes: if casinos can open safely and do it right, so can schools..

@HuffmanLabDU @DrEricDing
COVID Safety Plan (1/2)
- People density was at 50% (by design)
- Other measures below.
Everything was followed properly, except social distancing.

Masks were enforced, even outside. One might ask how can you enforce masks if people are drunk? I saw 2 people holding a person to his room while a third person holding by two fingers his mask in place.. commitment!
Read 7 tweets
15 Aug
Updated 🧵Which air cleaner do I buy?

Type, efficiency, purchase price, replacement cost + filter life, and noise.

New results/charts about Intellipure DFS(TM), Blue Air(TM), and needle point bipolar ionization.

@DavidElfstrom @HuffmanLabDU @Parents4IAQ @RobynSchofield3
There are three types of air cleaners:
- Subtractive: like filters, will remove the contaminant when it comes in contact with the media
- Additive: like ionizers, will emit ozone/radicals/ROS/etc.. to react with the air (will emit something to remove something)
- Hybrid
Filter media (MERV, HEPA), UVGI are proven because Standards/guidelines/>decade of testing exist to test efficiency and by-products.

NO Standard exist today to test additive/electronic air cleaners (none, nada, zero, nul, nula), therefore they are Unproven.
Read 22 tweets
18 Apr
HVAC without V is a HAC(k) job

🧵 about ventilation
- Mechanical versus Natural ventilation
- ASHRAE Standard 62.1 historical rates
- Why schools are under-ventilated?
- What is the cost of outside air?
- What we should do about it?
Note 1: According to ASHRAE Standard 62.1 (most prominent ventilation standard), ventilation is not only about outside air. Rather, it is the sum of outside air and return air that is cleaned.

In this thread, I will focus only on outside air.
Note 2: schools are either designed to have mechanical ventilation (intentional OA from HVAC unit) or natural ventilation (intentional OA through windows and doors).

Most schools in North America are mechanically ventilated (for many reasons mainly for comfort and safety).
Read 16 tweets
25 Mar
🧵about "Blueair" purifiers:

Consumer report rated this purifier as one of the best purifiers consumerreports.org/air-purifiers/…

1) Misleading marketing:
The filter used is called "HEPASilent". It is not a HEPA filter.
It is a common pleated filter + ionizer. ImageImage
2) By-products:
The company claim to produce low ozone.
It is certified by CARB to produce < 50 ppb.
They have a carbon filter which will capture some ozone - although % will decrease with use (we don't know how much % versus age).

Indoor ozone levels should be < 5 ppb Image
3) As we discussed previously, with every ionizer, there is a potential production of formaldehyde (and other VOCs) and ultrafine particles. Example of one ionizer tested by Lawrence Berkeley lab:

ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/… Image
Read 5 tweets

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