Reading this fascinating account on Shyamji Krishnavarma's life & work. A graduate of Balliol College, he founded the IHRS, India House, and The Indian Sociologist in London.

He believed in Spencer's dictum: "Resistance to aggression is not simply justified, but imperative".
Krishnavarma founded India House as a hostel for Indian students to help Indian students who were facing racist attacks in Britain. It was inaugurated in presence of Dadabhai Naoroji, Lala Lajpat Rai, Madam Cama, etc.
Despite Krishnavarma being one of the first activists to organize militant anticolonial resistance outside India, his name does not figure among the celebrities of the official versions of the Indian independence struggle. His scholarly contributions have been forgotten, too.
He fell victim to the profound historical amnesia of both professional historians as well as the representatives of the postcolonial Indian state. Significantly, a short Hindi biography published in 2002 was titled ajñān Deśbhakt, i.e., ‘the unknown patriot’.
The British press of those days described Krishnavarma as the head of an 'international terror network which filled many a young Hindu student with the poison of hate and murder’, and his residence was declared as 'the chief center of the cult of the bomb'.
Krishnavarma was one of the rarest Indian scholar-activists who could successfully integrate his socialist leanings to his dharmic worldview. He could, simultaneously, admire Swami Dayanand Saraswati's work, and be in close contact with all hardcore socialists of those days.
Shyamji was not only ‘singled out' by Swami Dayanand for his brilliance in Sanskrit’, but also for his adeptness at defending his positions. Though Shyamji was much more diplomatic in his approach than what Swami Dayanand believed him to be.
Interestingly, when Henry Steel Olcott and Helena Blavatsky, the two founders of the Theosophical Society, first arrived in India they tried to coax Swami Dayanand to be guru and figurehead for their syncretic spiritual endeavor.
(i) Even his long assistance, in editing and translating ancient Hindu texts, could not dissuade Monier-Willams from reporting his arrival in Oxford almost like that of a rare animal in a zoo.

(ii) This is how Helena Blavatsky of Theosophical society described Monier-Williams
His mastering of Greek-Latin, & other subjects of humanities, facilitated his entry into the prestigious Empire Club where ex-viceroys/governors dined. He also met King Edward VII & Prime Minister, Gladstone. Though all this had little impact on his anti-imperial worldview.

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More from @Anuraag_Shukla

7 Sep
~ Kesa-vinyasa: Hairstyles (coiffures) in early Indian arts

The scriptures/mural representations, ranging from the 2nd-century BC to the 17th century AD, have detailed out the everyday living of Indians. This literary data has immense value in analyzing the culture.
The Harappans were quite interested in unique hairstyles and using combs and mirrors for making their hair-do. The picture here shows a Mirror, hairpin & collyrium pot, dated 2700 BC.
The dancing girl of the Harappan period is one of the finest examples of Indian art. An exclusive feature of this sculpture is her hair, coiled beautifully in a thick mass falling over the right shoulder.
Read 13 tweets
6 Sep
The same pipeline/network effect can now be seen in the education sector. So many of them with the one-year-long degree from Harvard are now in the business of 'revolutionizing' education, neatly aligned with agendas of the world bank/IMF/Impact bonds.

@subirshukla
A typical trajectory for such organizations/start-ups is to avail initial funding from the impact fund instituted at the graduating institution. Get recognition for your 'revolutionizing' work from the same network and get invited to a symposium organized by the same cabal.
What drives these organizations is not what structural problems education sector is facing, but what can attract funding and instant recognition. Hence, playing around with popular educational discourse, by using terms like 'at scale', 'evidence-based', 'theory of change' , etc.
Read 4 tweets
4 Sep
Re-reading enlightenment thoughts from a decolonial perspective makes one aware of how enlightenment thinkers were complicit in justifying imperialism on the grounds that there were fundamental philosophical distinctions that separated properly human from not-so-properly ones.
Engaging with the philosophical & anthropological writings of Immanuel Kant from a decolonial lens, one can see how his ideas were grounded in the logic of colonial difference, and how his theory of universal reason was applicable to only those who he defined as proper humans.
Kant is famous for arguing that it was not God that gives us our humanity but the faculty of reason itself. For him, the reason was “architectonic” that enabled the freedom of each individual’s will to co-exist with the freedom of everyone else in accordance with universal law.
Read 7 tweets
24 Jul
telugu caduv'atanna telikaga jucu
t'aangla pathalsalal'andu galadu.

That's how it is, they take Telugu lightly
In all those English schools.

~ Chellapilla Venkata Sastry
When all of his contemporaries were quoting Shelley, Keats, and Eliot, Vishwanadha Satyanarayana garu spoke of Indian aesthetics of rasa, aucitya, vakrokti and dhvani and quoted from Abhinvagupta, Mammata, etc., in defiance of every modern literary convention.
Sanjay Subramanyam describes how by the turn of the 20th century, the life of a Telugu teacher became miserable. "His general image was of a fossilized, unimaginative individual who somehow had instant access to old books, but lacked the intelligence to study any modern subject."
Read 8 tweets
23 Jul
The leaders of HSRA circulated a manifesto at the Lahore Congress session in December 1929. The manifesto contained blistering attacks against the 'compromising policy' of Gandhi and the Congress leadership.
"Mahatma Gandhi is great and we mean no disrespect to him if we express our emphatic disapproval of the methods advocated by him for our country's emancipation. To us, the Mahatma is an impossible visionary."
"Non-violence may be a noble ideal, but it is a thing of the morrow. We can be situated as we are, never hope to win freedom by mere non-violence.

All talk of peace may be sincere, but we, of the slave nation, cannot, and must not, be led away by such false ideology."
Read 8 tweets
22 Jul
The Marxist historians in the history writing projects (as a statist exercise) ensured that work by historians like Radha Kumud Mookerji was either delegitimized (by labeling them as nationalists) or their memory completely obliterated (by dropping their work from the syllabus).
As a historian of Ancient India, Radha Kumud Mookerji started his career by joining the newly established National Council of Education, while teaching at the Bengal National College. After 1915, he embarked on a series of tenures at universities in Benares, Mysore, and Lucknow.
His work not only received unequivocal praise from his academic fraternity, for being so detailed despite the vastness of the subject but was also equally popular among students who were then studying in the central/state government-run universities.
Read 5 tweets

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