This is an excellent guide and overview to how the British Foreign Office saw the World War and Ottoman question, and a great study to see the course of development of policy in real time as opposed to reading intentions backwards.
The ministry drove pulled defeat from the jaws of postwar global US-UK confrontation. Policies towards all War belligerents and allies changed on the closest expediency in the Loyd George government, which continued to play and counterplay itself.
The Late War and Peace chapters have some must read material on the maze of policies and counter polices Lloyd George’s Cabinet thought up or attempted to realize in order for Britain to not lose the war to any of its allies or belligerents.
The problem with Gaming in foreign policy like this is that you need at least one known known for you to outplay. When every actor is a unknown unknown, and you had no vision beyond “against the future next strongest actor” you are left holding a insurmountable bill.
This happened to Britain not only in the Middle East, were the solution of settling the army could not be entertained, despite all the prefoxing of the defunct pre war great powers. And this was just a fraction of the debts they had accumulated to Morgan finance overall.

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More from @Irkutyanin1

7 Jun
Hand drawn maps by a grad student from the 1950’s 👍
It’s funny that almost none of those names in these maps exist anymore.
Tilsit-Sovetsk in modern day Kaliningrad Oblast. This was where Tsar Alexander signed a peace with Napoleon after the fighting in Poland in 1807.
Read 5 tweets
20 Dec 20
For Kolchak, there was immense pressure on him from the beginning to justify and obtain recognition of his government. He was fighting the Americans and London on this though he had partisans with him. In addition, his domestic legitimacy was tied to the Siberian war effort.
He assumed, that if he could reach the Volga, he could link up with dissatisfied elements of Samara, Tambov, and Kazan governates just like the Czechoslovaks did. He also thought that the Northern axis of Allied forces would divert still more forces away from Siberia or push.
Ironside’s men did not go down the Dvina far enough to affect a rail link with Kolchak that was planned before hand, and the Red Armies, more professional than early 1918 with mass officer reconscription, wasn’t going to make the same mistakes of 1918 especially now.
Read 6 tweets
20 Dec 20
One thing I tried to get across talking about Woodrow Wilson was that, in spite of everything else you may personally hate about him, and there is a lot, his image of the all powerful executive and the reconciliation history he presents in History of American People was
the closest to an ideology and historiography of American Caesarism forging post Civil War regional and ethnic groups into consolidation into all-American nation. Both FDR and Huey Long ultimately worked within the domestic framework of ending legislative and court government.
Unfortunately, it was the Wilson’s Internationalists with a Messianic vision who won. They would use this vision of world governing progressive institutions to expand control and subvert nations it had decided to more extensively satellite. This was their take away from 1919
Read 13 tweets
15 Nov 20
Example of the debates of Tartessian, Celtiberian populations of Herodotus, the Non-IE questions in Paleospainish Atlantic zone and its influence or non influence on Atlantic Celtic.

It is, in fact, a complex problem.
The problems with the classic “Hallstatt/La Tene only” approach when it is applied to Ireland and Celtiberians
Language barriers still matter in scholarship. Methodological standards of the Anglo world were not universally applied in Spain, while the Anglo-French-German scholars largely ignored Spanish and Portuguese findings that pointed to non Hallstatt Celts or ProtoCelts.
Read 27 tweets
15 Nov 20
Yes, there are several mysteries to solve. Insular Celtic, the only languages to survive, are extremely peculiar, more so than the surviving evidence of Continental Celtic. The rest is about time, your scheme I feel is the correct one for the proto Celts or Celto-Italics
However the Tartessian inscriptions in Spain demonstrates a Celtic language in the Atlantic zone before the arrival of the Hallstatt artifacts, which are anyway sparse. This means that there were Atlantic Celts that were definitively not Central European in the immediate pre his
Hallstatt also doesn’t show up well in Britain or Ireland but the book of invasions and invasion traditions in myth muddy the waters there, and again, Insular Celtic languages are so dramatically different from Continental languages that common linguistic methodology
Read 7 tweets

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