1. On the anniversary of 9-11, the most well-researched disaster of all time (at least until Covid), here is a thread of some of the readings I recommend on public behaviour during the event (mostly free access) #September11th
2. Solnit’s inspirational book describes the spontaneous coordination in the evacuation of New York, an emphatic answer to those who ask me whether disaster solidarity can arise a strongly individualist country #September11th
penguinrandomhouse.com/books/301070/a…
3. Brilliant Proulx & Fahy paper – what went right with the WTC evacuation; 99% of those below where the plane struck in Tower 1 survived #September11th
global.ctbuh.org/resources/pape…
4. ‘Helping behavior, the definition of norms in the stairwells, and episodes of deviant behavior as emerging norms were all evident in the evacuation process’ (Rory Connell) #September11th
udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/6…
5. One of @evacguy's team’s papers describing their massive interview & modelling study, here focused on frequency of occupant stoppages on stairs, occupant stair travel speeds, & occupant response times #September11th
csap.cam.ac.uk/media/uploads/…
6. Tierney’s account of improvised coordination among professional responders, whose control centre was knocked out, in collaboration with the survivors’ own spontaneous response #September11th
essays.ssrc.org/sept11/essays/…
7. Dynes on the contrast between the spontaneous cooperation observed among survivors and the state’s focus on ‘command and control’ based on disaster myths #September11th
ijmed.org/articles/229/d…
8. Those evacuating the building mostly cooperated and attempted to provide each other with social support (Averill et al.) #September11th
nist.gov/publications/o…
9. This study examines factors associated with initiation and length of time for evacuation, including sensory cues, risk perception, delaying behaviors, and following a group or an emergent leader #September11th
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fa…
10. @ericakul’s recent reflection on how analysis of the evacuation contributed to safer evacuations subsequently #September11th
theconversation.com/how-the-terrif…
11. Finally, my blogpost summarizing some of the research and the implications for policy and practice – What do the events of 9-11 tell us? #September11th
drury-sussex-the-crowd.blogspot.com/2011/09/what-d…

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More from @ProfJohnDrury

14 Aug
Vaccine passports and possible unintended consequences - a short thread of (*open access*) research evidence.
1/9
2/9
This new correlational study by Porat et al. found that that the more people felt they themselves had control & the authorities understood their needs, the more willing they were to get vaccinated and their actual vaccine status.

mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/8/…
3/9
If vaccine passports were perceived to frustrate these needs (for autonomy and relatedness), therefore, we'd expect passports to de-motivate people from getting vaccinated.
Read 10 tweets
17 Jul
The question I am asked most by journalists at the moment is how the public will behave after so-called ‘freedom day’.

A short thread.
1/9
It’s difficult to predict as there are multiple interacting factors.

First, the change in policy sends a very strong signal (to some people) that the pandemic is less serious
royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rs…
2/9
In addition, the telegraphing of ‘freedom day’, as last year, has an effect in reducing adherence in the weeks leading up
ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulati…
3/9
Read 9 tweets
17 Jul
The mini #Hajj 2021 begins today - only 60,000 (Saudi based) pilgrims instead of the normal global gathering. Here's a thread of papers by @HaniNabulsi which examine the crowd psychology of the Hajj in normal times.
1/4
The negative effect of crowd density on reported safety was moderated by social identification with the crowd. Mediation analysis suggested that a reason for these moderation effects was the perception that other crowd members were supportive.

pnas.org/content/111/25…
2/4
Shared social identity with the crowd explained more of the variance in cooperation than both location & density. The link between shared social identity & giving support was stronger in the plaza than in the Mosque, with @DrAnneTempleton

royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.10…
3/4
Read 4 tweets
30 Jun
1/4
Tory MPs fear public fear: The MPs consider their own fear rational but that of the public irrational.

In fact there is a long history of elite fear of public panic...
independent.co.uk/news/uk/politi…
2/4
The policy of not telling the public the facts about threats in case they panic has been a feature of guidance documents on emergency preparedness
tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
3/4
But lack of information in an emergency actually creates anxiety. In trying to protect the public from fear, the authorities damage trust. In an emergency, people need practical information not emotional reassurance ('stay calm', 'don't panic')
festivalinsights.com/2018/07/respon…
Read 4 tweets
14 Mar
We studied what happens when police use unexpectedly indiscriminate and illegitimate force to remove peaceful protesters from a gathering
researchgate.net/publication/22…

tl;dr: participants became radicalized against the police
2.
After the police's violent eviction of protesters, participants saw themselves as similar to others fighting for justice, and as part of a wider movement:
researchgate.net/publication/25…
3.
While the violent eviction caused anger and distress, being part of a wider group was empowering and inspired further action
citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/downlo…
Read 4 tweets
11 Jan
I've just done 5 BBC radio interview in a row. Each one started with the question: what shall we do about all these people breaking the rules?

I said:

1. Public adherence to most of the required behaviours has been high throughout the pandemic blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2021/01/07…
2. Adherence tracks the regulations and goes up in lockdown periods

blogs.sussex.ac.uk/crowdsidentiti…
3. The latest mobility data suggest people are going out and about less than in the November lockdown:

Read 5 tweets

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