(1/6) Fermi’s Paradox, expressed as the Drake Equation, allows us to estimate the frequency of habitable planets and intelligent, spacefaring life. Each additional event is a fraction that reduces the final probability of life within a given distance in the universe ever lower…
(2/6) How can we think of a Fermi’s Paradox and Drake Equation for Lab Leaks? We can call it the Emergent Pathogen Equation.
L = 1-N = P*G*N*R*C
L = probability of lab leak
N = probability of natural origin
(3/6) P = pathogenic research of relevant viral families in a nearby lab occurred (1 if 100% yes scaling to 0 if 100% no)
G = genetic engineering or selection research adapted for human enhanced infection of a previous virus occurred (1 if 100% yes scaling to 0 if 100% no)
(4/6) N = natural host reservoir cannot be identified (approaches 1 if it cannot, ~0 if it can)
R = 1 if first case within distance R of lab where P or G may have occurred, otherwise assign fractional value (though this variable may be eliminated if there is suspected biowarfare)
(5/6) C = does the relevant research facility, if P or G were >0.5, cover up or delete potentially relevant sequences or samples?
(6/6) These are just some models to think through as we continue to assess the origins of the pandemic. No model is perfect, however people who are discounting potential lab origins seem to be willing to ignore details and evidence to support comfortable or acceptable narratives.
Fermi Paradox* :)
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9/11 was the first time we got attacked on our own soil since Pearl Harbor. I remember being in 5th grade and being incredulous when I heard that an airplane hit a building in NYC. Initially it sounded like an accident. I remember we had school get cancelled.
Since then, we engaged in a 20 year war and spent trillions of dollars protecting freedom and democracy. And now, we are seeing that the next wave of terrorism is an invisible, biological threat.
We will look back on 2020-2021 similarly to how we look back on 9/11. We got caught off guard, and many people died. It happened on American soil.
Unbelievable. 18 months to state the obvious, that the US and China jointly funded GOF research in China and the USA changed definition of Gain of Function Research to exclude SARS-related viruses. 18 months.
There were COVID-19 paper trails relating to SARS-related virus research and funding. It took over a year to have a mainstream discourse admitting to known information on potential viral origins. This has given China 18 months to obfuscate their work from 2011-2020 and beyond.
Why is the US not investigating and sanctioning the three active Chinese grants funding the EcoHealth Alliance through 2023? From a document I wrote last year, in May 2020. For some reason I cannot find these grants online anymore.
“[In] July, the effectiveness against infection was considerably lower for mRNA-1273 (76%, 95% CI: 58-87%) with an even more pronounced reduction in effectiveness for BNT162b2 (42%, 95% CI: 13-62%).”
🧶🧵 Turning 30 today and reflecting on what I’ve learned over the last decade, hopefully this is useful for other people looking for inspiration in solving hard problems:
1) you will not regret doing hard things that create impact 2) be willing to do the work
3) idea and proof of concept is the first step of many 4) build relationships outside of work 5) spend the time figuring out what you are willing to spend 10-20 years on
6) there will be noise, take the feedback that makes sense and keep improving 7) seek to do what needs to be done and to be fair and kind 8) you will not please everyone, focus on what matters 9) embrace the ebbs and flows and cyclical nature of creative work; the order and chaos
Important to note that the left diagram is “mean total lipid concentration,” while the smaller organs in the right diagram are “total lipid concentration.” One measure average detection in each organ for each rat, while the other measures total activity of combined rat organs.
There will need to be separate diagnostic criteria for long-COVID sufferers and for those who recover from COVID and have long-lasting secondary effects... this will require new drugs and biologics to rejuvenate damaged tissues, not just manage viral load.
Additionally, edge cases which will be increasingly more common e.g., autoimmunity (whether precipitated by COVID or pre-existing and exacerbated) — will require new looks at autoimmune dampening strategies.
It would be a bad move to simply continue classifying COVID as a binary outcome of survival vs. death, and hospitalization or not. Our entire healthcare system needs to be revamped to prioritize improving people’s health and preventing chronic conditions, not just treating them.