Gniewomir Flis Profile picture
Oct 4, 2021 6 tweets 3 min read Read on X
Lots and lots of tangy insights in @IEA's freshly pressed Global Hydrogen Review 🍊

It's a big piece of work but worth getting to the bottom. Congratulations! 👏

Below 5 of my favourite graphs 📊

iea.org/reports/global…
1. Though hydrogen is crucial, renewables and electrification are still the most important drivers of emissions reductions.
2. 70% of flights could be electrified with fuel cells, but that would only account for 30% of fuel use.

Most fuel is burned on long range flights. Synthetic kerosene mitigates only about 50% of emissions. New engine types are a must.
3. Electric trucks, whether hydrogen or battery powered, will overtake diesel ICE's by 2030.

BEV has the upper hand into the 2040s for trips under 500km. These account for 80% of all trucking trips. Eventually fuel cell vehicles become cheaper. 2050 is only 30 years away.
4. Though producing renewable hydrogen locally is expensive in a number of geographies today, by 2050 practically everyone bar Japan will be able to source it at below $2/kg.

Many, could produce at $1/kg, that's practically natural gas parity.
5. And finally, where is venture captial flowing to? Non-electrolytic H2 production is attracting some investment. There's of course vehicles and refuelling. But the real star is project development. Europe very much leading this space.

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More from @gnievchenko

Aug 20
A real masterclass in competition among electrolyser manufacturers from BNEF's Head of Hydrogen Martin Tengler during a recent Hydrogen Europe webinar.

Here's what you need to know to be up to speed.

1) Electrolyser demand is not keeping up with planned mfg capacity. Image
2) Chinese electrolyser systems are 3-6 times cheaper than Western competitors. Key factors:

🧑‍🏭 Cheaper labour
🏭 World's most developed supply chains
🔩 Lower quality materials
🥵 Overestimating product specs (remember this one it's important!)
Image
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3) Electrolyser systems (stack + balance of plant) accounts less than half of final project capex in China, and less than a third in US/EU.

🚢Electrolyser systems are the most likely candidates for CN exports. Image
Read 9 tweets
Dec 11, 2023
Pursuing lax rules for accessing hydrogen production tax credits under the IRA might result in more electrolyser sales domestically.

However this would come at a cost of ceding U.S. potential to become the world's green chemical exporting superpower to CN. Thread 1/10
You see, US has loads of land and good renewable resopurces, but China has some of the world's best renewable resources to produce electrolytic hydrogen. 2/10

Map taken from: iea.org/data-and-stati…
Image
So what's stopping CN from taking the crown of renewable molecules exporter?

They haven't managed to produce electrolyser that can follow intermittent energy supply.

Despite strong upcoming demand from EU, CN cannot export as their molecules don't fit EU's renewable definition.
Read 11 tweets
Dec 3, 2023
Will green hydrogen cost declines follow a solar-like pathway? Or are they more like batteries? Perhaps something else entirely?

In an excellent report Ramboll - an EPC firm - makes the case that electrolyser plants could be a mix of all 3.

Here's what that means for H2 capex: Image
Most of the public forecasts of electrolyser plant costs use learning curves to determine future costs. This has worked well for predicting solar and battery prices in the past, and learning curves can. be constructed for electrolyser stacks too. However... Image
A green hydrogen plant will be much more than the stack. Ramboll divides it into 3 work packages

1) The electrolyser stack
2) The electrolyser system which integrates stack with electrical and gas balancing equipment
3) The H2 plant, which integrates the electrolyser system Image
Read 14 tweets
Nov 16, 2023
Most discussions of electrolysis revolve around the competition between alkaline and PEM technologies.

But what about solid oxide (aka SOEC)?

Proud to announce the release of my technology deep dive in collaboration with @cleanaircatf ! A couple of key findings: Image
Solid oxide electrolysers are also known as 'high-temperature' electrolysers because they operate at >500C, and take steam, rather than an aqueous solution, as an input. Image
With access to an external source of process heat to generate steam, such as from ammonia, chemicals, and steel plants, SOECs gain a potential 20% electrical efficiency advantage over competing architectures. Image
Read 11 tweets
Oct 25, 2023
Ever wondered what is the true cost of an electrolyser system?

Electric Hydrogen - the most funded startup to emerge in the last two years - just released a super interesting white paper. They claim to be twice as cheap as incumbents.

How will they do it? 🧵 Image
While other manufacturers might provide just the stack (1/2 the cost of a system), EH2’s offer includes the stack, the balance of plant, and commissioning services. This close integration likely allows EH2 to pass on the margin of EPC contractors as cost declines to the customer. Image
Another important feature is the smart design of the system. Systems engineered for large stack sizes of 100 MW reduce the required balance of plant. Additionally, EH2’s stack has an output pressure of up to 30 bar, which reduces the need for external compression. Image
Read 5 tweets
Aug 31, 2023
Slow than expected demand ramp up, and massive overcapacity - that's the state of today's electrolyser industry.

BloombergNEF expects just 5 GWs of shipments next year against 30+ GW of manufacturing capacity. And yet, lead times for bankable electrolysers are 2+ years!

Short🧵
Image
Image
Some electrolyser manufacturers like ITM have already pared back their gigafactory ambitions. I suspect many others will be running their factories at low utilisation.

hydrogeninsight.com/electrolysers/…
From supply side, two major reasons:

1) Many banks and customers are unwilling to take on technology and counterparty risk of up and coming electrolyser manufacturers.

2) Electrolyser OEM's haven't yet formed strong partnerships with EPCs to provide H2-Plant-as-a-service.
Read 6 tweets

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