IMO, Fukuyama is one of the greatest living thinkers of our time. He understood that profit maximizing alone would never satisfy us and that identity politics is inevitable—long before it was cool to talk about “identity”
The End of History makes clear in non technical terminology why Hegel and not Locke is the only route to securing liberal democracy. Nobody said it was easy.
His agonistic view of politics as being about “recognition” is spot on, and is embraced on both right and left.
Anytime a person on Twitter says “I will die on this hill” they are paying tribute to Hegel’s Master Slave dialectic.
Why fight over dumb things of little consequence? Why fight in a purely signaling way? Wouldn’t it be better to just keep calm and carry on? A: Twitter fights cater to our thymos.
Fukuyama anticipates why social media is not going away even as everyone loves to hate on it. It’s the medium for the human need for “prestige battles.”
Fukuyama doesn’t say liberal democracy always wins in each case or that it isn’t fragile.
He says the promise of liberal democracy is the only hope we have (to date) of taming the human need for megalothymia (ego based status seeking).
Unlike monks who say we should kill the ego, Fukuyama says that the best we can do is find ways to mediate the struggle between egos. By and large we have.
If you are reading this, there’s a good chance that you would rather exchange harsh words than come to actual blows with someone you dislike or disagree with. That’s good. But we haven’t come to this place from nowhere.
Hegel and Fukuyama would have been ok with LARPing, seeing it as an improvement on actual fights to the death. An intimidating selfie is still preferable to a duel.
For a thread on Hegel’s great critic —Carl Schmitt— stay tuned.
If, as @brianportnoy says, “wealth is funded contentment,” Fukuyama shows us why we can’t simply buy or vote our way out of discontent.
Prosperous countries are not wealthy in the expansive sense if they can’t solve the problem of discontent arising from status disparity.
The moral of this thread’s popularity is that people prefer short threads to long ones. But if you have the patience, here’s my library of mega threads (19 so far) on my favorite thinkers:
"Noah must leave the ark in much the same way that George Clooney’s character must stop flying in the film Up in the Air. The sea is pure optionality, a haven from the frustrations of actuality. But nothing happens at sea, and nothing endures in the air."
Noah from his ark, and George Clooney from his airplane, look down at us suckers, us “normies,” in our sclerotic smallness. But the sad joke is on them as they take themselves out of the human condition, thinking that they have made a life by becoming drop-outs.
In addressing the problem of the Holocaust, Hans Jonas imagines not a God who is responsible for it, but a God who is witness to it, a God who "goes into exile with God's people."
This said, I think one conflict between Judaism and Christianity has to do with the role each assigns to philosophy. The Torah is fundamentally narrative. Philosophy is fundamentally about abstract concepts.
The Talmud (Gittin 56b) teaches that the Emperor Titus died from a gnat that flew into his ear and grew into the size of a pigeon. Thread.
1/7
What's remarkable about the story is that it repeats the trope of the Trojan horse, but on the nano-level.
2/7
While you can read the story in physicalist terms with the gnat as a a kind of migraine or tumor, you can also read it in contemporary terms as a "psy-op" or "brain-worm." That is, Titus died from ideational/ ideological corruption.
3/7
One of my many contrarian takes on Peter Thiel's Zero to One is that it's a work of theology, first, and not a work of business advice. Being a successful business founder is besides the point.
Here, I use Thiel to read the Cain and Abel story:
"At a strategic level, Cain and Abel are both condemned, so long as they are competing for divine love on the same axis. One is condemned to death, the other to murder."
"In God’s cryptic admonition to Cain, I hear a call for Cain not to compete, a call to walk away from the tournament for divine affection. It is a test that Cain fails, but one that we can hope, reading his cautionary tale, to pass in our own lives."
Time for a @threadapalooza on Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900-2002), philosopher, classicist, and leading thinker of hermeneutics, AKA "the understanding of understanding." Gadamer was a moderate postmodernist who thought life was an unfinished conversation with ourselves and others.
Gadamer's main work, Truth and Method, is devoted to showing that our experience of art is not one experience amongst others, but paradigmatic of all acts of interpretation. 2
Scientific enquiry can never be totally objective, because at its core, science is mediated by language, conversation between people. 3
Agreed. The question is how you can derive responsibility from a metaphysics that sees the individual as an illusion, the self as a fiction or an emergent property.
As I see it, there are two paths. One is to double down on individualist metaphysics and say there really is an essential self out there, an individual soul, without which Lockeian right to property would make no sense. The other path is the pragmatic one.
In the pragmatic one, individuality and freedom are useful but false or at least unprovable beliefs. I see utilitarianism as a species of pragmatism. Don't focus on questions of essence, just maximize pleasure and minimize pain.