The Zagrosian/Ganj_Dareh/Iran_Neolithic-like people who contributed significant amount of ancestry to Indus Valley Civilization migrated west from Iran prior to 10,000 BC.
* east not west
Perhaps the Tutkaulian culture marks the spread of the the cousins of the Zagrosians into Central Asia (& the Indus?) in the epipaleolithic?
I got the Pfizer booster shot. Will let you all know how it goes.
So far running slight fever of 37.3 degrees (normal is 36.8). Heartrate is unusually high at 74 (normal is 55). Arm feels bruised at injection point, & I feel tired - though might be due to only 7 hours sleep. No issue with lymph nodes or headaches, at least not yet.
Heartrate down to 68, temperature at 37.0. Feel fatigued. Slight headache behind right eye. No other problems.
IE expansions were driven by following:
4000 BC Suvovoro Anatolians - horses
3300 BC Afanasievo Toharians - dairying
2900 BC Corded Ware Germans/Celts/Italians - Urals copper mine
2600 BC Martqopi Armenians - ???
2100 BC Sintashta Indo-Iranians - chariots
the findings that Sintashta horses replaced other horses after 2000 BC don't disprove anything about claims of importance of horses in previous 2 millennia.
Goat & cattle dairy products predate the Indo-European expansions by 2000+ years, but use of horse dairy starting in 3300 allowed proto-Toharian Afanasievo people to migrate all the way from the Don-Volga to Khakassia & Mongolia. science.org/content/articl…
50% of ancestry in modern day Yugoslavs, 25% in Albanians, & 40% in Bulgarians comes from invaders from northern & eastern Europe who arrived 200-700 AD. Romanian origins complex, with 50% of their ancestry from same NE European invaders as well as Asiatics from steppe.
Roman Europe was very diverse at its height, with migrants from the more densely populated east settling in European cities. A sizable part of population of Viminacium in modern Serbia was of Middle Eastern origin, & they were wealthier than the locals.
Inside a government office. Appears abandoned, desks have a thick layer of dust, calendars on the cubicles all from March 2020.
The Pompeii of pre-pandemic Nevada bureaucrats
Supposed to meet 15 minutes ago with some gals from a partner agency to work out a project. Not sure where they are, or if they are even here. Already double checked email, address is correct.
EEFs in Croatia didn’t experience the WHG Resurgence of the late 5th millennium BC. They stayed almost pure EEF into the Bronze Age. nature.com/articles/s4159…
The WHG-EEF mixture (probably Globular Amphora Culture) that was brought by Indo-Europeans to Croatia had formed between 35th & 25th centuries BC.
Earliest find of Indo-European (aka steppe or Yamnaya) ancestry in Croatia is a woman who lived at some point between 29th & 26th centuries BC in Slavonia, about 35km from the confluence of the Danube and the Drava Rivers. Her grave is not described.
Napoleon wanted an aligned Russia cooperative with his Continental System, not a broken Russia ravaged by ethnic strife & class war.
French takeover of Lithuania was initially celebrated by the Polish & Lithuanian locals, but his refusal to restore Kingdom of Poland quickly soured them on the French. Loyalty to Russia in Lithuania was non-existent.
Despite brutal discipline, Napoleon’s troops were short on food & ravaged Lithuania. Tens of thousands of deserters left the army, preying on civilians & even French administrators & mailmen.