Benoy Shah MD Profile picture
Oct 13, 2021 14 tweets 8 min read Read on X
#EACTS2021

Great first day. My favourite presentation was on the Carmat Total Artificial Heart (C TAH), presented by Professor @netuka_ivan

@rafasadaba
#EACTS2021
The C TAH is probably the world's most advanced total artificial heart & is designed for patients with severe biventricular failure (i.e. for whom an LVAD would be insufficient).

It gained a CE mark last year and has an FDA approval for early feasibility studies
#EACTS2021

The device has an implantable prosthesis and an external power supply to which it is constantly connected
#EACTS2021

C TAH has 2 chambers, separated by a membrane into blood & fluid compartments. Electro-hydraulic pumps help produce pulsatile flow. Pressure sensors & electronics are embedded in the prosthesis. Biological valves are placed at the inlets and outlets of the ventricles
#EACTS2021

Prof Netuka shared an example of a 61yr old patient with severe BiV failure and fixed pulm HTN that could not be weaned from IABP and inotropic support
#EACTS2021

Pre-operative cross sectional imaging required to ensure adequate dimensions for the prosthesis, which currently only comes in one size
#EACTS2021

We were then introduced to Prof Netuka's team and then had a video explaining the steps of the operation
#EACTS2021

Transect the aorta and pulmonary arteries!
#EACTS2021

As a cardiologist rather than a surgeon I can't really walk you through this, other than to say it was fascinating to me!
#EACTS2021

Getting the AV junctions ready
#EACTS2021

And now the 'heart'!
#EACTS2021

A Cardiomems device is placed as well to assist monitoring of pulmonary pressures
Well deserved round of applause at the end!

Eager to see where this technology goes. It's not new. I think Carmat started work on this in the early 1990s, initially a collaboration between Alain Carpentier & engineers from a subsidiary of Airbus. More tomorrow!

#EACTS2021
Any experience with this in 🇬🇧 transplant centres?

@drstephenpettit
#EACTS2021

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More from @dr_benoy_n_shah

Oct 30
Deep dive on #EARLYTAVR from ##TCT2024

Lots already said & discussed

It takes time to read the paper, read the supplementary appendix, analyse the results, think about them etc!

Some thoughts...🧵 Image
On Sunday I wrote a thread about asymptomatic severe AS and what we knew already from RECOVERY & AVATAR RCTs and what the guidelines currently advocate

Here's the 🧵 in case you missed it

EARLY TAVR
Asymptomatic severe AS patients recruited between March '17 - Dec '21

75 sites across 🇺🇲 and 🇨🇦

Asymptomatic status confirmed by negative treadmill test in 90.6%
(Remaining 9.4% unable to do test, relied on detailed physician history)

That's a good % that did ETT 👏
Read 29 tweets
Oct 27
Tomorrow - Oct 28th - we learn the results of 3 landmark randomised studies in patients with aortic stenosis (AS)

Results of EARLY-TAVR, EVOLVED & TAVR UNLOAD will be unveiled at #TCT2024 in a Joint LBCT Session with #NEJM

These could well be practice-changing studies...

A 🧵 Image
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#TCT2024
The first 2 RCTS - EARLY TAVR & EVOLVED - concern the management of asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis (ASAS for this 🧵)

Currently, ASAS (with normal LV function) is not a Class I indication for valve intervention in either 🇪🇺 or 🇺🇲 VHD guidelines Image
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##TCT2024
There have been 2 RCTs of early intervention (surgery) vs routine care, aka 'watchful waiting'

It's worth reminding ourselves briefly of these studies, as the background is important in understanding EARLY TAVR in the right context
Read 21 tweets
Mar 17
*Mitral valve assessment by TTE*

Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), when performed with care and diligence, can reveal a lot about the valve. TOE isn't necessary in all cases to determine leaflet pathology.

A worked example below:
In the PLAX view, you can assess the scallops of the leaflets

In a true PLAX view with aortic valve clearly visible, you mostly see the A2-P2 interface. Here, you can see a clear & large prolapse of the posterior leaflet
If you tilt upwards towards the PLAX RV outflow (pulmonary valve) view you see mostly the A1-P1 interface

Here, you can see the valve looks slightly different & no prolapse is seen
Read 17 tweets
Feb 29
Good teaching case for Fellows from a recent emergency scan

Happy heart or unhappy heart?

What can you deduce from these spectral Doppler traces of mitral (left) and tricuspid regurgitation (right)?

#echofirst #cardiotwitter #ACCFIT
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Lots of excellent replies. A lot of information to glean from 'just' the CW Doppler traces

The ECG is broad and with a pacing spike just before the QRS complex...so a pacemaker is in situ

MR trace: faint, not severe MR by jet density

But look at the MR Vmax, not even 4m/s!

1/
MR Vmax is normally 5-6m/s in normal LV function.

If the Vmax is a low as this, it either reflects a weak LV, or very high left atrial pressure...or both. It's often both

So the MR CW Doppler suggests:

a) significant LV dysfunction
b) non-severe MR

2/
Read 5 tweets
Dec 16, 2023
As we approach the end of 2023, what was the most important paper you read this year?

Mine wasn't in cardiology

I think this went under the radar a little, but it shouldn't have...the impact of private equity (PE) takeovers in healthcare

An end-of-year 🧵
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Before going further, we should clarify what PE actually is. Now, I am NOT a financial expert at all, but here goes...!

PE is essentially the investment of capital (equity) into a private (non-public listed) company or business. Read this for more 👇🏽

hbr.org/2007/09/the-st…
PE has garnered a reputation for huge profits as they typically buy into a company, aggressively ⬇️ costs whilst ⬆️ profit margins, leverage debt if needed, and then sell, often at a large profit

Does this matter when it comes to delivering healthcare services?
Read 15 tweets
Oct 11, 2023
Sixty years ago this month - October 1963 - US cardiologist Dr Robert Bruce published a paper detailing his efforts to devise a multi-stage treadmill test

Little did he know this would go on to become the Bruce protocol the most widely used for exercise testing

A thread...
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Prior to this, 'stress testing' to evaluate cardiac function was performed using the Masters 2-step technique, first described in 1935. This crude but simple test involved repeated steps up & down over 90 seconds

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
Bruce, amongst others, recognized the limitations of this test & set about developing an exercise treadmill test

His initial work focused upon a single stage protocol, but he soon realized this wasn't stressing fitter patients enough & the test was taking too long!

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Read 12 tweets

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