On LinkedIn's exit from China: Last month, Xiao Yaqing, China's Minister of Industry and Information Technology, had a video call with Brad Smith, president of MS US, to discuss "in-depth views on ... Microsoft's development and cooperation in China." 1/13 miit.gov.cn/xwdt/gxdt/ldhd…
Naturally, we don't know what was said during that meeting. Did Xiao insinuate they should get out of social? Totally unrelated? Who knows. What we do know is that LinkedIn is facing increasing regulatory pressure on multiple fronts. 2/13
One, the obvious: Social networks operating in China are increasingly caught in the impossible impasse between Chinese censorship rules and western values. Frankly, it's a miracle LinkedIn survived in China as long as it has. 3/13 axios.com/linkedin-block…
But I'm not convinced that bread-and-butter censorship is the only motivating factor in LinkedIn's exit — LinkedIn has gotten off relatively lightly compared with domestic platforms like Weibo. But a host of other impending developments were set to impact LinkedIn. 4/13
Among them, the CAC's two new policies on algorithms, released over the last two months, would both likely have impacted the company. 5/13
The first draft rules on recommendation algos, released in August, would require any algorithms with "public opinion properties or social mobilization capabilities" to register with regulators (Articles 19 and 20): 6/13 digichina.stanford.edu/work/translati…
It would also require algorithms to prioritize certain types of content - and an expensive and geopolitically unpalatable redesign might have been required. 7/13
linkedin.com/pulse/linkedin…
Second, the CAC's Guiding Opinions on Information Services algorithms, released in Sept, which make it clear that info distribution algorithms should uphold socialist core values. 8/13
cac.gov.cn/2021-09/29/c_1…
Additional factors include the Data Security Law and Personal Information Protection Law (effective November 1), which may have additionally complicated matters. 9/13
A "challenging environment" indeed. So that begs the question - why not exit China entirely? Why pivot to InJobs? 10/13
A couple of years ago, I attended an event held by LinkedIn China's UX team. The data the team was using to extract insights was mostly based on job profiles and connections — data which can theoretically be retained without allowing users to share content. 11/13
Add all this to the fact that LinkedIn hasn't truly taken off in China, and you can imagine why holding the line would seem less than appealing. 12/13
Given all of the above, I could imagine this cost-benefit analysis: much of LinkedIn's valuable data sits in the jobs sections of the platform. Their heavy compliance problems sit in the social media functions of the site. Why not keep the data and drop the social? 13/13
Small update: Pres of LinkedIn China quotes Mark Twain: "The reports of my death have been greatly exaggerated." Says LinkedIn will increase, not lower, investment in China, new moves are just strategic redirect. finance.sina.com.cn/tech/2021-10-1…

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27 Aug
My goodness. China's cyberspace watchdog, the CAC, just published a long (and unprecedented) set of draft regulations for recommendation algorithms. The short version: they will be tightly controlled. Key points below. 1/ cac.gov.cn/2021-08/27/c_1…
Most interesting to me: Users must be provided with a convenient way to see and delete the keywords that the algorithm is using to profile them. 2/
And there are limits on the types of keywords algos can collect: "Providers ... shall not record illegal and undesirable keywords in the user points of interest or as user tags and push information content accordingly, and may not set discriminatory or biased user labels." 3/
Read 18 tweets
20 Aug
Here it is! The final text of China's Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL). A quick off-the-cuff translation below of what was changed or added to the final draft. 1/ npc.gov.cn/npc/c30834/202…
1. If personal information is used in automated decision-making [example: marketing / ad algorithms, personalized product recs] , the decision-making must be transparent, and can't be used to impose different transaction terms on different individuals. 2/
What that means in practice: Platforms can't, for example, collect data about users, and then show those users different prices based on the algorithms assumptions about the user's ability to pay. 3/
Read 15 tweets
13 Aug
What does "decoupling" even mean? Is there consensus around a set of metrics that would define it? Maybe I'm not talking to the right people, but no one in my industry has been able to tell me with any conviction what decoupling is, much less whether or not "it" is even possible.
Does 'decoupling' mean less trade? How much less? In what sectors exactly? Does it mean less investment? What do you mean "investment"? Does it mean keeping each other's technology out of each other's networks? What technology? What networks?
This word has bled into the global policy conversation and become a talking point with poor strategic and logical foundation. Data analysts struggle to map the ramifications, because the word itself is unclear.
Read 5 tweets
2 Aug
Chinese regulators to off-campus education (incl edtech): "We know your stocks are falling, but tough cookies - you are putting too much pressure on parents and are detrimental to on-campus education, so we're restructuring this industry permanently." 1/12 finance.people.com.cn/n1/2021/0801/c…
Recap: Recently, China issued "Opinions on Further Reducing the Burden of Students' Homework and Off-campus Training in Compulsory Education" - a policy which effectively kneecaps the off-campus tutoring industry. 2/12
Regulators are well aware of the results: "As of the close of the market on July 27, a number of U.S.-listed Chinese concept stocks have fallen by more than 90%, and 11 companies have fallen by about 80%, with education stocks accounting for the vast majority." 3/12
Read 12 tweets
1 Aug
New rules are coming for Chinese companies seeking to list abroad. Chinese policymakers are trying pretty hard to assure markets that Chinese companies will still be allowed to IPO overseas - but they will need to follow new rules in doing so. 1/14 finance.people.com.cn/n1/2021/0801/c…
"The 30th meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee proposed to improve the regulatory system for domestic enterprises listing overseas." 2/14
"This is not only a practical matter of improving relevant regulations and standardizing the behavior of relevant enterprises in response to a changing situation, but also reflects China's firm determination to promote opening up and make use of dual sources of capital." 3/14
Read 14 tweets
16 Jul
Major news this week on China's social credit system. Best part: there's finally a (draft) official list of what types of data / records are being included in citizen, corporate, and org social credit files, and where those records come from. 1/24 ndrc.gov.cn/yjzxDownload/2…
We triangulated this last year by looking at the tech docs that describe what types of files are supported for sharing across gov-run social credit networks. We then cross-referenced that against state agencies which generate those records - but there are now more deets. 2/24
So I'm translating the draft here - all 16 record types the national government is gathering on companies, citizens, and organizations under China's social credit system - what types of records, who collects and submits them, and who they are collected on. 3/24
Read 20 tweets

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