I wrote about applying what we've learned from Covid-19 to the flu. nytimes.com/2021/10/19/opi… Cleaner air (ventilation & filtration) is a "powerful tool for reducing the risk of Covid-19 transmission, & it should be embraced more thoroughly during this pandemic and to reduce flu"/1
We inadvertently squashed the flu last year, probably thanks to our interventions against Covid-19 combined with our pre-existing immunity to flu. @Lakdawala_Lab showed that this factor is a barrier to airborne transmission. journals.plos.org/plospathogens/… /2
@Lakdawala_Lab "I hope that Covid-19 has catalyzed a shift in thinking about the air we breathe. You wouldn’t drink a glass of water full of pathogens, chemicals and dirt. Why should we put up with breathing contaminated air?" /3
@Lakdawala_Lab "Around the turn of the 20th century, the proliferation and modernization of water and sewage treatment systems helped make common waterborne diseases such as typhoid and cholera a rarity in the United States and Europe." /4
"The results of investments in water infrastructure are considered one of the greatest public health achievements of the 20th century. Making air quality healthier as a way to cut down on disease should be a public health focus for this century." /5
There's a great article in The Atlantic about this topic, too. theatlantic.com/health/archive… (Looks like I ripped it off, but I was asked to write this piece--and wrote a draft--before that article came out.) /6
Thanks to @acsifferlin and team for sharp editing! /7

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More from @linseymarr

13 Oct
Our paper examining the origins of the erroneous 5 μm cutoff for aerosols v. droplets and the 6' rule is now published. One of my fave interdisciplinary collaborations yet, involving rhetoric, history, aerosol science, fluid dynamics. royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rs… /1
With @katierandall @EThomasEwing @jljcolorado Bourouiba. The 5-μm error came from conflation of how droplets/aerosols move through the air with where they deposit in the respiratory tract. The 6' rule came from misinterpretation of studies with bacteria settle plates. /2
These became entrenched through "citogenesis," which I would define as propagation of mis-cited work. /3 xkcd.com/978/
Read 4 tweets
4 Oct
We did some more testing yesterday and updated tinyurl.com/VTkidsmasks with a column dedicated to efficiency as worn. Added results for KF94/KN95s received from @masknerd. Take homes: N95 clearly the best (small 3M Vflex 9105S), KF94/KN95s around 90%, most cloth masks ~60-80%. /1
@masknerd Cloth masks with filter are widely available. Most important is good fit and minimal leaks, which is easier to get with softer, more flexible fabrics, as we also found in @isjinpan's study on manikins. tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.108…, free preprint at drive.google.com/file/d/1PoE0gk… /2
Based on our testing and some new studies, we moved all cloth masks to the BETTER category and moved surgical + brace or surgical + cloth double masking to the BEST category, which also has KN95/KF94 (small-sized N95s may work for big kids). /3
Read 4 tweets
11 Aug
Our new preprint led by Hawks and Duggal shows infectious virus emitted in air from hamsters (upper right) on days 1-2 but not later, even though RNA still there (lower right).
biorxiv.org/content/10.110… /1
We used a condensation particle sampler with & without cyclone. Saw similar amounts of infectious virus, so it's mostly <8 μm.

8-μm particles can float around for at least 13 minutes, and the smaller ones stay in the air for hours. /2
Sampling method does not exclude potential for resuspension from fur and ground, but there was more virus in oral swab & nasal wash than on fur. Either way, though, there's infectious virus in the air. /3
Read 4 tweets
6 Jul
How to keep a gym open more safely during a pandemic. We kept doors open and increased ventilation from 7 liters per sec per person to 240 L/s/p. ASHRAE recommends 10 L/s/p. wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/27… /1
An infected trainer exposed 50 clients, but there was no apparent transmission. Enhanced ventilation probably helped. Also had reduced occupancy, >10' distancing, hygiene, but no masks. /2
Read 4 tweets
1 Jul
Real-world test of ionization in a campus building. We did not see a reduction in particle number concentrations at supply vent when system was on vs. off, measured using TSI Aerotrak. /1
Thanks to @VTFacilities for suggesting this and providing access. Photo shows the ionization unit in blue inside the HVAC duct. /2
@ajprussin and David Kormos took turns holding the particle counter at the supply vent. /3
Read 6 tweets
18 Jun
Latest from our lab @jinpan et al. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.11… Why are seasonal patterns of flu & other viruses different in temperate (more in winter) vs. tropical (sporadic, maybe with rainy periods) regions? Indoor climate may be a driver. /1
But most studies look at disease incidence vs. outdoor weather; outdoor data more readily available. Need to understand relationship between indoor & outdoor climate to better interpret results. /2
Indoor temp usually 20-30 C everywhere, but humidity varies widely seasonally (very low in winter in temperate regions) and is higher in tropics. Indoor relative & abs humidity usually well-correlated with outdoor AH, except with heavy A/C use. /3
Read 4 tweets

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