Marinus was supposed to have been born in the 270s in Rab, Roman Dalmatia. A stonemason by trade, he ended up in Rimini in Italy, where he may have preached Christianity along with Gaudentius. 1/10
Christians were at times persecuted by the Romans for their refusal to accept "Pax Romana". Marinus is said to have fled Rimini in 301 for the nearby mountains. In 303, the Roman Emperors unleashed the strongest persecution against Christians to show resistance is futile. 2/10
The persecution led many Christians to switch faith. But when Constantine accepted Christianity for Rome, many returned. This led to a division among Christians since many deemed the returnees to be traitors. Constantine persecuted these Christians, called Donatists, later. 3/10
The mountain Marinus took refuge in was the Mount Titano. He is said to have built a chapel there and lived as a hermit. This mountain with its three peaks, and later three towers, became the base for the nation of San Marino, named after Marinus. 4/10
Protected by its geography, San Marino remained largely immune to the political changes outside the region. In 1243, two Captain Regents, perhaps modelled after the two Consuls of the Roman Republic, became the joint heads of state. 5/10
The Malatesta of Rimini and the Montefeltro of Urbino had designs over San Marino. But they managed to stay independent, at times playing one against the other. 6/10
In 1463, San Marino added the towns of Fiorentino, Montegiardino and Serravalle by Papal decree. Another town, Faetano, joined San Marino the next year. 7/10
The son of Pope Alexander VI, Cesare Borgia, occupied San Marino briefly in 1503. His father's death the same year and the election of Pope Julius II, a rival of the Borgias, led to his exile and San Marino became free once again. 8/10
San Marino got a Constitution in 1600 and managed to stay neutral during Napoléon Bonaparte's conquest of Italy. When Italy was reunited by Savoy, Garibaldi and company, San Marino managed to stay out of it, having sheltered refugees, including Garibaldi, during the wars. 9/10
The state remained neutral in the World Wars and housed refugees. But it also had to endure a bombing raid and occupation and was a battleground briefly in 1944, before regaining sovereignty. 10/10
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Gjergj Kastrioti was born in 1405 to Gjon Kastrioti and Voisava. The Kastrioti were one of the Albanian noble families that ruled a region precariously placed between the Ottoman Empire and Venice. 1/10
Arbëria was a semi independent region in the Balkans during the time of the Eastern Roman Empire. But it was captured by Sicily in 1272, who created the Kingdom of Albania. But their rule was short lived since their position was weakened due to civil war in Sicily. 2/10
Charles Latour Rogier was born in 1800 to Firmin Rogier and Henriette Estienne. After his father's death in 1812 fighting for the French during the Napoleonic Wars, Rogier's family moved to Liège, where young Charles studied law at the university. 1/10
Liège was the centre of an ecclesiastic state of the Holy Roman Empire, Prince-Bishopric of Liège. But a revolution in 1789 led to the creation of a Republic. It was retaken by the Habsburgs in 1791, but conquered by France in 1795. 2/10
Wilhelm Alexander von Nassau was born in 1852 to Adolf, Duke of Nassau, and Princess Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau. Formed during the Napoleonic Wars, the Duchy of Nassau was a constituent of the German Confederation formed after the Congress of Vienna in 1815. 1/10
But after the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, the Confederation was disbanded. Nassau, having sided with the defeated Empire of Austria, was annexed by Prussia, bringing to an end over seven centuries of rule by Wilhelm's family in Nassau. 2/10
Feedback Time - A year back, I started writing 11 tweet long twitter threads on historic personalities (Mostly European, as it turned out) who have an impact on present day world. I have done 135 threads so far and now wondering if I should continue? 1/5
The thread in question, started on 12th October 2020 2/5
Pedro Álvares Cabral was born around 1467 to Fernão Cabral and Isabel de Gouveia. Born in Belmonte, his family was among the Portuguese nobility connected with generations of service to the King. But unlike his predecessors', his was an age of exploration. 1/10
The last decades of the 15th century saw a revival of Portuguese exploration, with the ascension of King João to the throne in 1481. The King had India in his sights and his ships set sail in search of the end of the African continent and a route to India beyond Africa. 2/10
Henrique de Portugal was born in 1394 to King João of Portugal & Philippa of Lancaster. Born illegitimate to King Pedro of Portugal, João had fought Kingdom of Castile to establish his control over Portugal, after Castile claimed the crown and arrested João's half brothers. 1/10
Henrique was the third oldest son among the five legitimate sons of his father. Unlikely to succeed as King, Henrique's future changed when his father led an expedition to Marinid Cueta in 1415. It would be the first step for Henrique's navigation into charted waters. 2/10