post FOMC, the 2nd $VIX future is set to test post-pandemic low. vol pops are fast becoming difficult to remember. I see 3 characteristics of vol that are worth keeping close at hand-->
1. Vol Mean-Reverts: Market disruption events don’t last forever as a combination of cheap asset prices and regulatory fire-fighting response ultimately provides runway for capital to be re-deployed and vol to decline from very high levels.
2. Vol Has Memory: The best predictor of vol tomorrow is vol today. Periods of low vol tend to lead to a self-reinforcing psychology of stability. Conversely, de-risking episodes cause forced selling and more volatility.
3. Vol Exhibits (Very) Positive Skew: Below a widget to assess daily moves in second VIX future since 2016. It's up 45% of the time. But conditional on being up, its up more than 5% nearly 20% of the time. And more than 1/3 of the >5% up days are >10% up days.
"When it goes, it goes"

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More from @Alpha_Ex_LLC

4 Nov
Some thoughts on realized vol…If inflation is the "anti-earnings" to nominal bonds, then falling realized vol is the same to options. Of the factors that drive option prices, motion in the underlying is of most importance. Without the daily swings, "the rent is too damn high".
News Alert: The RVOL index...a handy Bberg command that saves us from typing SPX <INDEX> HVG <GO> all the time, has dipped below 10...again. 10 vol is around 60bps a day.
Realized vol is mostly a concurrent indicator. Nothing bad in markets happens when RVOL is below 12. Here's a table that maps RVOL versus returns. RVOL below 15 is generally safe.
Read 12 tweets
2 Nov
Roughly, we can think of equity vol as derived from 1 of 4 places: 1) distance to default (Merton) 2) vol of earnings 3) vol of rates 4) vol of the P/E multiple. There's overlap..vol in rates, for example, may be related to inflation which may lead to vol in the multiple.
In 2008, it was #1, distance to default in financials that sponsored vol. In 2020, it was #2, vol of earnings. In 2013, it was #3, vol of rates that hurt equities (briefly). In 2000, it was #4, vol of the P/E ratio (those stocks never had earnings to begin with).
AMZN has 5 year CDS at 34bps but 2y IV at 28. MSFT has 27 IV and CDS of 24. GOOG has 27 IV and 28 CDS. These stocks move quite a bit. Default isn't a risk that comes to mind. Sure, they have vol in earnings. But it's also that their P/E's are quite volatile.
Read 12 tweets
18 Oct
My favorite way of introducing the idea of put options is the analogy to car insurance. The underlyings (both the vehicle and driver), the premium, the deductible, the max payout, and of course the term, all have contracting equivalents to the actual listed equity option market.
And we know our friendly car insurance provider never wins by more than the premium itself, rendering it short the accident. Geico is Citadel, studying its own version of realized vol with computations on accident and theft frequency and the financial costs associated w them.
There is a lot of data to mine including the cross-sections of drivers, cars, neighborhoods and (mis)behaviors. The game is the same: use data to sell auto insurance at an implied vol such that the premiums taken in outstrip the payouts and allow for an attractive return.
Read 5 tweets
14 Oct
A further widening of inflation break-evens complicates things for the Fed even if it remains committed to its wait and see strategy that only decides to act when the evidence of higher inflation is clear (are we there yet)?
Risk premiums become prices in plain sight and they become a statement on expectations of the mean and variance of inflation. The prices also help satisfy the market’s (almost insatiable) need for narrative.
One such narrative might read “inflation break-evens are a Fed credibility metric”. These narratives serve to reinforce the broad market consensus. In circular fashion, what we think helps determine prices, which in turn tell us what to think and what to believe.
Read 9 tweets
13 Oct
The anticipation of high realized inflation and uncertainty around it impacts inflation risk premiums. This is very important because at some point the Fed cannot ignore the discovery of prices in real time, it’s “wait and see” strategy notwithstanding.
A further widening of inflation expectations complicates things for the Fed even if it remains committed to its wait and see strategy that only decides to act when the evidence of higher inflation is clear.
Risk premiums become prices in plain sight and they become a statement on expectations of the mean and variance of inflation. The prices also help satisfy the market’s (almost insatiable) need for narrative. One narrative might read “inflation b/e's are a Fed credibility metric”.
Read 5 tweets

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