1/6
Charlie Munger says that markets are wildly overvalued, and its a little hard to disagree with him. In my "bezzle" piece I noted that 20 years ago Munger explained that overvalued markets are a form of bezzle, or fictitious wealth.
bloomberg.com/news/articles/… via @technology
2/6
It is fictitious because it leaves us collectively, albeit temporarily, feeling wealthier than is justified by the future production of goods and services. As Munger suggests, and as I explain in my piece, both the creation of bezzle and its amortization are pro-cyclical.
3/6
But their impacts aren't symmetrical. While bezzle-creation can artificially boost economic activity through the wealth effect, bezzle-destruction is likely to undermine economic activity much more aggressively through a negative wealth effect.
carnegieendowment.org/chinafinancial…
4/6
There are probably two reasons for the asymmetry. First, falling markets create more uncertainty than rising markets. Second the wealth effect probably also asymmetrical: a one-unit increase in wealth is likely to affect our consumption by less than a one-unit decrease.
5/6
The problem is that if rising markets are encouraged by a too-accommodative Fed, and if the Fed will always respond to the increasingly painful economic consequences of an adjustment in market prices by easing liquidity, then either we believe...
6/6
that prices can remain forever untethered to economic reality, or we accept that ultimately there will be some other adjustment mechanism that the Fed cannot control which realigns prices with fundamentals. This other mechanism is likely to be pretty painful.
"Overall, property prices rose 9.2 per cent across 55 countries in the 12 months to the end of June,...a result of the gush of cheap money that central banks released into the markets."
ft.com/content/282e38…

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More from @michaelxpettis

4 Dec
1/4
Most policymakers (at least those involved in financial and economic policymaking) recognize that the current model is unsustainable, David, but transitioning to a new sustainable model runs into the problems Albert Hirschman often discussed: it requires major...
2/4
institutional reforms and a redistribution of political power, not the least of which is a sharp reduction in the total revenues and expenditures of local governments. But because among other things local governments are largely responsible...
3/4
for meeting the unrealistic GDP growth targets set by Beijing, they need to be able to mobilize a lot of resources. Cutting them down to size, in other words, also means a transformation of the country's economic growth model.
Read 4 tweets
4 Dec
1/7
According to Caixin, as local governments find it increasingly hard to sell land to property developers, and because they need to sell land to meet their revenues needs, they are turning instead to local-government financing vehicles to buy the land.
caixinglobal.com/2021-11-30/loc…
2/7
The scale isn't small, and it seems to be rising: "From July to Nov. 15, LGFVs bought 13.38% of land parcels by value across the country, up 4.38 percentage points from the January-to-June period."
3/7
These LGVFs are controlled by local governments and borrow under their guarantees, so that this effectively means that local governments are borrowing from the banks and treating the proceeds as if they were revenues.
Read 7 tweets
2 Dec
1/10
Russell Napier correctly points out that China is facing a classic developing-country problem, which is that foreign financial inflows are self-reinforcing, so that once they are large enough relative to reserves, they can become destabilizing.
ft.com/content/7a1cbb…
2/10
This is because large inflows put upward pressure on the currency and on domestic asset prices, which in turn encourage further inflows. These inflows force up either the currency or the domestic money supply to higher levels than the authorities would like.
3/10
At some point, however, the combination of very high prices, loose money, and some external shock can set off outflows that also become self-reinforcing, but much more violently so.
Read 10 tweets
1 Dec
1/4
Turkey's trade deficit contracted by 40% in October, after a 47% contraction in September, and we'll almost certainly see a further contraction in November.
v.aa.com.tr/2433306
2/4
Before Ankara celebrates this as an increase in Turkey's international competitiveness, however, it's worth remembering how international competitiveness is typically achieved.
3/4
The massive depreciation of the lira in recent months forced up the prices of everything Turkey imports, and because all households are importers, this has had the effect of slashing real wages. As a result even as the country's...
Read 4 tweets
1 Dec
1/7
Good Al Jazeera piece on the Chinese property market with lots of CBB data: "Bank credit is being rolled out to property firms at a higher level than in any period during the second or third quarters, according to...
aje.io/gk8934 via @AJEnglish
2/7
data collected by China Beige Book International, with mortgage lending in October increasing to 200 billion yuan from 150 billion yuan the previous month."
3/7
This shouldn't surprise. There was no way Beijing could rein in credit growth without a much sharper fall in GDP growth than they were politically able to accept, so easing was inevitable, and is likely to continue into next year.
Read 7 tweets
30 Nov
1/8
"Beijing has now given unprecedented priority to technological innovation to recharge the country’s slowing economic growth. As such, China is placing its hopes for avoiding the middle-income trap on one single bet – making it a challenging goal."
scmp.com/tech/policy/ar…
2/8
Very challenging indeed. As Zhou Xin points out, Vice-Premier Liu He noted in his important People's Daily article that “only very few countries, such as South Korea, Singapore and Israel, have truly leapt over the middle-income trap.”
3/8
There have indeed been very few developing economies that made it to advanced-economy status in the past century (I would add Honk Kong, Taiwan and perhaps Chile to this list), but none of these, except perhaps Chile, are really replicable.
Read 9 tweets

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