The extremely rapid rate of spread of Omicron clearly visible since the beginning of December will now be acutely felt in many geographies as local epidemics amplify to the point of eclipsing Delta circulation. 1/12
Continuing previous methods, if we partition case counts from @OurWorldInData using sequence data from @GISAID and apply a modeling approach from @marlinfiggins we get rapid rises in Omicron cases in South Africa, Denmark, Germany, the UK and the US. 2/12
This corresponds to rates epidemic doubling of between 2.3 days in the UK and 3.3 days in Germany. 3/12
However, this approach of using sequence data is necessarily lagged by timeline for genomic sequencing. We can get a more recent picture by looking instead at PCR testing results that distinguish between probable Delta cases and probable Omicron cases via SGTF. 4/12
London as expected from travel connections appears to be ahead of the rest of the UK and much of the rest of Europe and the US with 72% of specimens from Dec 13 as probable Omicron in a remarkable rise. 5/12
With Omicron comprising the majority of SARS-CoV-2 in London, we can now expect its continued spread to manifest as skyrocketing case loads. Figure from coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/cases. 6/12
The UK has a systematic effort to track and record SGTF that's lacking in the US. We do have particular local efforts to track this however. Close to home, we have @UWVirology and @seattleflustudy tracking probable Omicron via S gene presence/absence. 7/12
In combining datasets, we can see rapid logistic growth of probable Omicron tests in King County. 8/12
Partitioning King County cases by these proportions shows a rapid exponential rise in Omicron cases in King County with a 2.2 day doubling. 9/12
There is potential worry that tests performed by @UWVirology and @seattleflustudy won't be fully representative of the county, but pace of doubling fits what we've seen elsewhere and with spread this fast a slight difference in prevalence will only push things slightly. 10/12
If we do a very simple 10-day projection of this rate of growth we get ~2100 daily Omicron cases in King County on Dec 22. This is ~3.5 times the Delta peak in King County in August and this is only 1 week away. 11/12
I expect case loads to climb suddenly and rapidly in a large number of well connected cities over the next week. This will take many by surprise but was baked in as soon as we knew Omicron Rt. 12/12
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It seems that the common assumption has been that Omicron will displace Delta, just as Delta displaced Alpha, Beta, Gamma, etc... before it. This may well be the case, but it's by no means definite. 1/15
Depending on Omicron's mix of intrinsic transmissibility and immune escape (and what happens with continued evolution), we could see: 1. Displacement of Delta by Omicron 2. Long-term co-circulation 3. Omicron wave followed by resurgence of Delta and extinction of Omicron
2/15
Intuitively, the more immune escape Omicron has from Delta-specific immunity the more the two variants have distinct ecological niches and so are able to co-exist without stepping on each other's toes. 3/15
There is now enough genomic data from the US and Germany to repeat this approach to estimating Omicron-specific rate of epidemic spread. Here, we observe similar initial rapid spread in the US and Germany. 1/10
As before, we partition case counts from @OurWorldInData using sequences from @GISAID into estimated Omicron, Delta and other cases, and we use this partitioning to infer variant-specific Rt and epidemic growth rate r (methods and code here github.com/blab/rt-from-f…). 2/10
We find that logistic growth of Omicron sequence fraction looks similar between the UK, the US and Germany with roughly 1% of sequenced cases in all three countries being Omicron on Dec 1. 3/10
We've seen exceptionally rapid spread of Omicron in South Africa. Although we should expect this rapid spread to follow in other geographies, we've mostly lacked data to confirm this until recently. 1/21
) and extremely strong genomic surveillance by @CovidGenomicsUK, we should have early data from the UK about rate of spread outside of South Africa. 2/21
The UK is sequencing between 5000 and 8000 viruses everyday. Although turnaround times are fast, necessary processing delays permit a view that's basically lagged by ~7 days. Today, I have a strong view of Dec 1 data in @GISAID, but Dec 2 has much less data available to me. 3/21
As the Omicron epidemic continues to expand in South Africa and as case counts and sequencing data continues to come in, we can better estimate the current transmission rate of Omicron. 1/19
Here, I am focused on two approaches to estimate this transmission rate. One is growth in frequency of Omicron compared to Delta in Gauteng and the other is growth in case counts attributable to Omicron. 2/19
If one variant is fitter than anther variant and is transmitting faster in the population we should expect to see it increase in frequency following logistic growth. See @TWenseleers for discussion of this approach. 3/19
Omicron appears to have emerged around Oct 1 and has taken 8 weeks of exponential growth to "suddenly" have sizable impacts on case counts and hospitalizations in Gauteng. This "suddenly" is the nature of exponential growth. 2/6
Exports from the South African epidemic are now being detected across the world and these exports are sparking local transmission. Figure from nextstrain.org/groups/blab/nc… using data generously shared to @GISAID. 3/6
Following up here with speculative estimates of the rate of spread of Omicron and a stab at how to apportion this rapid rate of spread between intrinsic transmissibility and immune escape. 1/18
Monday's post was mainly meant to emphasize that observed rapid spread of Omicron can be influenced by both intrinsic transmissibility and immune escape. Here, I'll try to put (speculative) numbers on this rate of spread. 2/18
Key datapoints include rapid displacement of existing Delta viruses by Omicron in Gauteng and South Africa. Estimates of logistic growth rate here by @TWenseleers imply Omicron has ~5X current transmission rate of Delta. 3/18