Ye Olde Inn. Ye Olde Sweet Shoppe. Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese… The word ‘ye’ pops up all over the place – shop names to gravestones. But what if I told you that the first letter of ‘ye’ isn’t a ‘y’ at all but, þ - an Old English letter called thorn (or þorn).

#thread
But how do you get from þ to y? It all had to do with William Caxton’s printing press of 1476. Many of the type fonts used were imported from Germany or Italy. These fonts didn’t have þ, but they did have the letter Y. And so, þ was replaced with Y.

2/5
Now, I’m no etymologist and this is only a skim of the story of thorn, but þ was pronounced ‘th’. It was never pronounced with a ‘y’ sound.

3/5
Even though the printing press started to replace þ with y, þ was already in decline, gradually being replaced with the letters (or digraph) ‘th’.

4/5
But it didn’t disappear entirely. It lingered on in its ‘Y’ form in some abbreviations –places where space was tight… like on headstones. So, as well as timber-framed pubs and novelty sweet shops, the one place thorn survives (sort of) is in churches and churchyards.

5/5

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More from @friendschurches

29 Dec
The mountain oak used to form the trusses at St Brothen’s, Llanfrothen were felled in the 1490s. At eye-level, they create a diminishing diamond shape. They form a continuous roof over the nave and chancel. It runs to 73ft (22m) and it takes 14,500 slates to cover it!

#thread Image
The church building dates to the 1200s, but the arch-braced roof trusses and cusped wind braces form a late 15th – early 16th c roof. They’re still doing their job perfectly.  The site slopes from east to west, and until the 19th century, the church was part of the seashore.

2/ Image
We’ve recently re-roofed the entire church. This was the first time in about 150 years the roof had been overhauled. A combination of slipped and broken slates, and nail fatigue meant we had to strip everything back and create a watertight covering.

3/ ImageImage
Read 7 tweets
27 Dec
There’s such a romance to brick: they're moulded to fit a human hand, light enough to be carried, and have a soft warmth of colour and texture. 
The Romans brought bricks to England, but when they left, they seemed to take brick-making with them.

#thread
Really, it wasn’t until the 15th century that brick came back into widespread use.

2/
Traditional bricks were made simply from clay or a clay and sand mix. For a good brick, you need two types of clay: a plastic clay and a sand-rich, non-plastic clay to off-set the tendency of the former to shrink and warp during firing.

3/
Read 11 tweets
26 Dec
In cobwebbed corners of churches, are carved alms-boxes. Many, like this one at Watton, Norfolk, are inscribed, urging passers-by to ‘remember the poor’. For centuries, the collections in these oaken boxes were society’s main source of poor relief.

#BoxingDay #thread
Two of the earliest poor-boxes in English churches date from the mid-14th century and can be found on Holy Island, Northumberland. However, most surviving ones – many of which are still in use – date to the 17th century. 

2/
Boxing Day has been a tradition in the UK for centuries. Though it only officially got that name in the 1830s… and didn’t become a bank holiday until 1871. 26th December is the feast day of St Stephen – an early deacon who made it his duty to care for the poor.

3/
Read 6 tweets
14 Dec
Across the road from St Mary's, Fordham, in Norfolk, this old milestone tells us that it's just 2 miles in one direction to Downham Market, and 16 miles the opposite way to Ely (Fordham's diocese). It's a relic from a bygone age of navigation and a remnant of a once busy road.
The milestone was located on what was once part of the A10 or 'Great Cambridge Road' — connecting London to Kings Lynn — before that road was diverted, leaving Fordham stranded and neglected for decades, until we took it into our care.
Once upon a time, travellers depended on milestones and guidestones (known in Yorkshire as 'stoops') to help them navigate unfamiliar routes and estimate travel times.
Read 10 tweets
10 Dec
Hundreds of cars catch a glimpse of the white-washed chapel at Waddesdon every day as they whizz past.
Few stop.
If they did, they’d find an iron arc, a survivor from a time when the dead didn’t rest in peace. When fresh bodies had to be secured with mortsafes.

#thread
Mortsafes – complex metal cages of rods, plates and locks - began to appear around 1816, when grave-robbing was rife. This was a time of great advances in medicine and understanding of anatomy, but there was a limited supply of corpses to dissect and learn from. 

2/
Until this point, medical study was limited to the cadavers of executed criminals. The demand for bodies created an underground market. Under cover, resurrectionists (or resurrection men) dragged carcasses from their coffins and sold them to science.

3/
Read 6 tweets
9 Dec
On the bank of the river Ouse, close to its confluence with the Derwent, lies the village of Barmby on the Marsh. It seems remote, but was once bustling with millers, makers, traders, and boats transporting goods and people to nearby ports and across the North Sea to Europe.
A waterman could follow the snaking Ouse downriver for 9 miles to Goole — the most inland port in the UK.
At Goole, coal barges from south Yorkshire emerged from the 'Dutch River' — diverted by engineer Cornelius Vermuyden in the 1620s — and could be transferred to sea-going vessels.
Read 7 tweets

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