In the Islamic apocalypse, the angel of death has an important role in reaping the souls of all, bringing life to an end…even the lives of the angels.
A thread on the angel of death and the end of days-
A minor and contested narration found in Suyuti attributed to Anas and transmitted by al-Bayhaqi and ibn Mardawayh relates how in the end of days only God and the angels will remain.
God will command Israfil to blow the Trumpet and herald the end of time and creation.
All will perish except for God and the four chief angels: Jibra’il, Mik’ail, Israfil and the Angel of Death, sometimes called Azra’il.
God will then turn to the Angel of Death and ask who remains?
To which the celestial servant will respond, Your Merciful and Eternal Face remains and Your servants, Jibra’il, Mika’il, Israfil, and I, the Angel of Death.”
God will then command, take the soul of Israfil.
The Angel of Death will reach out its hand and thus Israfil the Angel of the Trumpet will end.
Then God will ask again, who remains?
To which the celestial servant will respond, Your Merciful and Eternal Face remains and Your servants, Jibrai’l, Mika’il, and I, the Angel of Death.
God will then command, take the soul of Mika’il.
The Angel of the Death will reach out its hand and reap Mika’il the angel of rains and mercies.
Then God will ask again, who remains?
To which the celestial servant will respond, Your Merciful and Eternal Face remains and Your servants, Jibra’il and I, the Angel of Death
God will then command, take the soul of Jibra’il.
The Angel of the Death will reach out its hand and thus Jibra’il the leader and messenger of the angels will die.
In the end only God and the Angel of Death will be left.
So, God will ask again, who remains?
To which the celestial servant will respond, Your Merciful and Eternal Face remains and Your servant, I, the Angel of Death.
God will then command, “Die” and so, Azra’il will finally taste the very thing it granted others: death.
Then only God remains.
“Thus as I began creation, I have taken it back.”
From this nothingness God will resurrect all of creation and then the Day of Judgement begins.
The narration recounted in the medieval period fills outs details of the End of Days which are only allusively referred to in the Qur’an.
It reveals a complex angelology and eschatology taking shape over the course of centuries and likely through an interaction of cultures in the Late Antique and medieval period.
If you are interested in all things apocalypse check out my patreon where I’ve done several podcasts on the apocalypse in Islamic eschatology. I have also just released the first episode in a 3-part series on the history of early astronomy and astrology: patreon.com/headonhistory
I will cover Islamic eschatology and history in future threads.
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This week was shab-e yalda, the Winter Solstice festival. It was historically observed in the Persianate world through poetry, fruits, the lighting fires to keep away the dark, and the reading of fortunes.
A thread-
Several yearly festivals are mentioned by al-Biruni and shab-e yalda or chelle as it is observed today likely reflects a mixture of different practices and traditions.
He mentions festivals among the Persians and the Sogdians as pre-Islamic traditions which may have seen a revival during the Samanid period alongside Nowruz, the new years festival.
Medieval Muslims were fascinated with moon and stars often making reference to them in stirring poetry, coy metaphors, and in subtle meanings. These references to the heavenly bodies are immensely illustrative of the astral knowledge of the time period.
A thread-
One of the most common celestial metaphors was references to the Moon.
In a panegyric, the poetess Umm Sinan bint Khaythama writes:
“Here is Ali, he is like the crescent surrounded
By stars of good fortune in the sky” (trans: Boullata)
Here the poet invokes a famed astrological conjunction between the Moon and the auspicious planets, Jupiter and Venus to praise Ali ibn Abi Talib.
Throughout Islamic history poetry held status as one of the most important literary pursuits. Women in the Islamic world wrote stirring verses which reverberated through the ages.
A thread-
Muhammad’s daughter, Fatima was reputed to be a brilliant poet. In addition to her unimpeachable piety and character, her skill as a poet would be remembered for centuries
The legendary sufi, Rabia al-Basri is another whose devotion stirred verse.
Though it’s unclear how many of the poems attributed were actually written by her they certainly capture the essence of her teaching of divine love
Throughout history, people have told tales of monsters and ghouls who haunt the edges of human imagination.
From jinn to fearsome beasts, a thread
We are told of the terrifying ghuls, described by Damiri as horrifying in manner they can appear alluring and beautiful guiding strangers astray until falling upon them and devouring them.
They have a taste for the flesh of the living and the dead and haunt cemeteries
Crafty and cunning they stalk their prey carefully