Winston James explains how the Caribbean had a tiered system of racism with "Whites at the top. In the middle you had the Browns. And then at the bottom you have the Africans, the dark ones." 🧐
This is very different than the United States. #LineageMatters
@3StrikesNip
Basically, in the US system of slavery and racism mixed race lightskin and mulattos at the end of the day were still "negros" and in their system they were not.
This is why many Brazilians don't see themselves as "Africans" even tho Brazil imported the most Africans
Legally and socially, mulattos or "mixed people of color" were in a different social position than "Black" people in Jamaica, but the same is not true for the US.
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State of Missouri v. Celia, a Slave (1855), was a case in which Ceila, a nineteen year old slave, beat her master to death to prevent him from raping her
She plead self-defense but was found guilty of murder and was hung on December, 21, 1855 #WomensHistoryMonth 🧵
Not much is known about Celia before she was purchased by Robert Newsom in 1850 at the age of 14
From the moment she arrived Celia was repeated sexually assaulted by Robert and gave birth to two children*, both most likely his
*Celia has living descendants, more on that later
On Saturday June 23, 1855 Robert Newsom visited Celia in "her cabin" and attempted to rape her
Celia warned Robert she would hurt him if tried and so she did
She took a stick "about as large as the upper part of a Windsor chair" and hit him over the head twice killing him
"In Ukraine, the Azov Battalion has recruited foreign fighters motivated by white supremacy and neo-Nazi beliefs, including many from the West, to join its ranks and receive training, indoctrination, and instruction in irregular warfare"
"Ukraine as a battlefield laboratory" 🧐
"so too are parts of Ukraine becoming a safe haven for an array of white supremacist extremists groups to congregate, train, and radicalize" with "the goal of many of these members is to return to their countries of origin (or third-party countries) to wreak havoc"
Maria Stewart was a journalist, educator, abolitionist, and after the Civil War became the director of housekeeping services at Freedmen's Hospital
She was the first Black woman to publish political writings and to give public lectures to mixed audiences #WomensHistoryMonth 🧵
Maria Miller was born free in Hartford, CT, 1803, but orphaned at five
She was "bound out" as a domestic servant to a family of clergyman until 15
At the age of 23 she married James W. Stewart, a War of 1812 veteran, and settled in Boston as part of a small Black middle class
While living in Boston the Stewarts became admirers of David Walker, a clothing shop owner and member of the Massachusetts General Colored Association, the first abolitionist organization in Boston
In 1829 Walker published his highly controversial and influential 'Appeal'
🇳🇬 John Ogbu and 🇺🇸 Signithia Fordham, both academics and anthropologists, developed the concept that Black Americans don't do well in school because they consider doing well in school as "acting white"
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Here's a quick wiki on their backgrounds
It's no surprise these two would develop this theory
In 1986 they published the 'acting white' paper which says that since BAs are involuntary minorities they have developed an "oppositional collective or social identity" and "[t]hey oppose adopting appropriate academic attitudes and behaviors because they are considered "white"