Among the many reusages of paper in early modern Europe was certainly rereading letters. A short thread - using a 1780s painting from Marguerite Gérard - for those interested in #paperhistory and #bookhistory:

Step 1.
Let's start the look at rereading (and paper storing) practices of rich Europeans with details on the painting used. You see Marguerite Gérard's painting from c. 1785, nowadays in the Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen - Neue Pinakothek München, sammlung.pinakothek.de/de/artwork/ApL…

Step 2.
Important paper letters were stored in tiny boxes - for rereading aloud and silently, alone and in company.

Step 3.
The letter itself was folded for the transport, as you may know from @letterlocking. Distributing your paper letter within the early modern postal services from A (writer) to B (reader) was a business that included folding and sealing skills - and opening skills.

Step 4.
Rereading was an established and common paper practices in early modern Europe: the bible, catechism books, almanacs, journals, ABC school books, scientific books, etc. etc. Basically, it was as much rereading as reading new stuff like newspapers. Rereading ruled.

Step 5.
Bonus detail for the #paperhistory crew: the globe in the back was made of paper too.

Step 6
In early modern Europe reading and writing letters was partly commercially motivated but often a private matter. Whatever the purpose, the paper transport relied always on postal and messenger services operating transregionally in Europe.


Step 7.
The history of early modern reading is also a history of rereading, a history of storing papers and ideas, a history of the material conditions of writing, reading, transporting and reusing papers. A newly accentuated #PaperHistory is connecting these fields.

Step 8. Goodbye

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More from @dbellingradt

23 Nov 21
One way to sell news in early modern Europe: combine extraordinary topics that were published elsewhere before, and then republish them in a new pamphlet.

Severe weather, a ghost story, a wonder flour!

Meet the pamphlet of 1684 here: t1p.de/kvn2a #bookhistory
The selection and combination of three extraordinary topics was an easy task for an experienced publisher. To start with, you needed to buy and read other pamphlets or news prints of the time. Media echoes of interesting stoiries were omnipresent and easy to spot. Have a look:
The severe weather, with thunder, heavy rainings and lightning, was all over the German news in 1684. Even if you missed the news reports in newspapers, there were also extra pamphlets devoted to the topic available. Like this one:
Read 7 tweets
3 Nov 21
Cartography was a paper art. The famous painting of late seventeenth-century from the Dutch Johannes Vermeer reflects some of these paper usages: "De geograaf" was a paper using man; early modern #cartography was a paper world of its own. A short thread for #paperhistory.

1/x
Let's start with the globe. European-produced globes came in many sizes and forms (such as terrestrial and celestial globes), but most of them were printed globes and had from the first half of the 16th century onward main paper features:

2/x
First paper step: Form two half-hemisphere shells from papier mâché (or thin board).
Second paper step: joining the two paper hemispheres together - by glueing or sewing. Then sealing the paper thing with more paper to form a - to be coated in plaster - paper ball. Et voila!
3/x
Read 11 tweets
24 Oct 21
There is a paper story included into this famous German painting of 1830s from Carl Spitzweg. You may know the common interpretation of the Poor Poet (German: Der arme Poet): Attention to the material misery of most artists and their work!
Let's start a #paperhistory thread.
1/x
The painting came in three versions and the one remaining copy is nowadays in the Neue Pinakothek (Munich: pinakothek.de/kunst/meisterw…). Let's focus on the paper used and present in this imagined scene of a poor poet in his attic room in the 1830s.
2/x
Easy to spot in the room are a few big bound books. They may be bound in leather but they are printed upon paper, very likely before 1800. These are used books, old books, second hand books. Nota bene: The German antiquarian book trade developed in these days, #bookhistory.
3/x
Read 11 tweets
10 Oct 21
A scene of paper management and usages: an European early modern tax office was full of papers. Fresh paper sheets, old paper sheets, printed papers, handwritten papers, waste papers, etc. Let's have a deeper look, #paperhistory. A next thread,
1/x
Managing information became a paper business in Early Modern Europe. The expanding administration practices made secretaries, lawyer's offices, tax offices, etc. And they ran on paper, had to store paper, and deal with paper. It was a paper world.

2/x

Let's focus on the details. This painted mocking scene is rich of details for #bookhistory and #paperhistory. So many paper usages imagined here.
3/x
Read 15 tweets
28 Sep 21
At first sight: a young viola player, painted with oil on panel in 1637 by Gerri Dou. But take a closer look at the shadowy parts and you will see a lot of paper details and various book variations of the time. A hidden #bookhistory thread.
1/x ImageImage
The painter of this stunning art work, Gerrit Dou, is considered a master painter of the seventeenth century, so please enjoy the images of the thread. Dou painted this piece of art at age twenty-four, in 1637.

Enjoy and zoom the painting yourself: nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artist…

2/x Image
Let's zoom into the bookish details. You see some big leather bound books, printed paper in large paper formats - maybe even “double elephant folio” paper, in 1637, these papers were among the largest paper sheets available on the market. And there is more ...

3/x ImageImage
Read 9 tweets
15 Sep 21
So much paper in this 1665 painting from Cornelis N. Gijsbrechts. You see an open cupboard door, as art history labelled the image, but what you also see: prints, letters, a broadside, an almanac, stored unused paper sheets. Early Modern Europe was a paper age. A
thread, part 1.
This painting of late seventeenth century echoes the availability and usages of paper in Europe. By at least the fifteenth century, paper was increasingly used in more and more individual and public contexts. Have a look: brill.com/view/book/edco…

Part 2 of the thread.
Let's start with the letters. Writing letters, corresponding, was a thing in Europe. Managing your business or scholarly world, wrestling with administrative work, news transmission, and much more, all this was a paper using practice. You see folded and opened letters. Part 3.
Read 10 tweets

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